• Ubuntu下安装Naginx, PHP5(及PHP-FPM),MySQL


    环境:ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS 
    nginx(发音"engine x”)是一个自由,开放源码,高性能的HTTP server。Nginx以稳定性,丰富的功能集,简单的配置,和低资源消耗而出名。本文将向你展示怎么在ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS 上安装Nginx,php5(及php-fpm),mysql。

    一:安装前做个简单的说明

    我使用的域名为example.com,ip地址是218.198.177.252。你可以视具体情况更改这些设置。在下文中我将使用root权限安装所需软件,所以请先切换到root用户:sudo su

    二:安装MySQL

    apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

    安装过程会提示你为MySQL root 用户提供一个密码—-这个密码对 root@localhost可用,同时对root@example.com也可用,因此你需要手动为MySQL root用户指定一个密码: 
    New password for the MySQL “root” user: <-- yourrootsqlpassword 
    Repeat password for the MySQL “root” user: <– yourrootsqlpassword

    三:安装Nginx

    apt-get install nginx

    1,启动nginx 
    /etc/init.d/nginx start

    2,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1,如果看到Welcome to nginx!,则说明安装成功,ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS上nginx默认的网站根目录在 /usr/share/nginx/www。

    四:安装PHP5

    PHP5可以在nginx上通过PHP-FPM(PHP—FPM(FastCGI Process Manager) 是一个可选的 FastCGI,添加了一些了一些很有用的特性,特别是对于繁忙的站点)工作。 
    说明:Nginx不支持对外部程序的直接调用或解析,所有的外部程序(包括PHP)必须通过FastCGI接口调用。

    apt-get install php5-fpm

    PHP-FPM是一个守护进程(init脚本文件在/etc/init.d/php5-fpm),它运行了一个FastCGI server,端口是 9000。

    五:配置 nginx,以下是我本机的配置文件。

    1,nginx的配置文件在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf, vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 如下:

    
    user www-data;        //指定Nginx Worker 进程运行用户及用户组
    <!-- lang: php -->
    worker_processes 4;      / /指定Nginx开启的进程数,每个Nginx进程平均耗费10M-20M内存。
    <!-- lang: php -->
    pid /var/run/nginx.pid;    //用来指定进程id的存储文件的位置
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
    events {                      //用来指定Nginx的工作模式,及连接上限数
    <!-- lang: php -->
               use epoll;       
    <!-- lang: php -->
               worker_connections 768;
    <!-- lang: php -->
               # multi_accept on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    }
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
    http {
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # Basic Settings    //基本的设置
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            sendfile on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            tcp_nopush on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            tcp_nodelay on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            keepalive_timeout 65;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            types_hash_max_size 2048;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # server_tokens off;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # server_name_in_redirect off;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            default_type application/octet-stream;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # Logging Settings   //指定日志的存放路径
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # Gzip Settings         //开启Gzip 压缩
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            gzip on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            gzip_disable "msie6";
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
             gzip_vary on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
             gzip_proxied any;
    <!-- lang: php -->
             gzip_comp_level 6;
    <!-- lang: php -->
             gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    <!-- lang: php -->
             gzip_http_version 1.1;
    <!-- lang: php -->
             gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # nginx-naxsi config
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # nginx-passenger config
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            #passenger_root /usr;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
            # Virtual Host Configs      //虚拟主机的配置
    <!-- lang: php -->
            ##
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
            include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    <!-- lang: php -->
            include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
    
    <!-- lang: php -->
    }
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #mail {
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       # See sample authentication script at:
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       server {
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #               listen     localhost:110;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #               protocol   pop3;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #               proxy      on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       }
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       server {
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #               listen     localhost:143;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #               protocol   imap;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #               proxy      on;
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #       }
    <!-- lang: php -->
    #}
    <!-- lang: php -->
    

    2,虚拟主机被定义在server{}中,默认文件在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default,vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default。

    server {

        listen   80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
        listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6
        root /usr/share/nginx/www;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        server_name _;
        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to index.html
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        }
        location /doc {
                root /usr/share;
                autoindex on;
                allow 127.0.0.1;
                deny all;
        }
        location /images {
                root /usr/share;
                autoindex off;
        }
        #error_page 404 /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
                root /usr/share/nginx/www;
        }
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #       proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ .php$ {
                try_files $uri =404;
                fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                include fastcgi_params;
        }
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        location ~ /.ht {
                deny all;
        }
    

    }

    3,保存文件,使配置生效 /etc/init.d/nginx reload

    4,在Nginx的默认网站根目录创建一个PHP的测试文件 vim /usr/share/nginx/www/info.php

    phpinfo(); 
    ?>

    5,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1/info.php

    你可以看见PHP5已经通过FPM/FastCGI工作了,具体可看Server API那行。向下滚动可以看见所有的模块在PHP5中都是可用的,MySQL还没有被列出来,意味着MySQL还没支持PHP5。

    六:让MySQL支持PHP5

    1,让MySQL支持PHP5,我们可以安装php5-mysql包。其余的包,我们可以按需安装所需要的包,用apt-cache search php5列出PHP的包,看下那个是你所需要的。

    2,选择一些你所需要的包,象这样安装: 
    apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl

    3,重启PHP-FPM 
    /etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart

    4,打开浏览器,输入http://127.0.0.1/info.php,看下你安装的包是不是已经被支持了。

    七:配置PHP-FPM

    vim /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf 或在 vim /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d/下做更详细的配置,不懂真人的默认就行了 ,也不优化了。

    八:在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default中新增一个虚拟主机。

    我的配置文件:

    server {

        listen   80 ; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
    

    listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6

        root /web/example;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
    
        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        server_name 218.198.177.252 example.com ;   //这个和apache一样的啦,写域名就行了
    
        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to index.html
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
                # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
                # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
        }
    
        location /doc/ {
                alias /usr/share/doc/;
                autoindex on;
                allow 127.0.0.1;
                deny all;
        }
    
        # Only for nginx-naxsi : process denied requests
        #location /RequestDenied {
                # For example, return an error code
                #return 418;
        #}
    
        #error_page 404 /404.html;
    
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
                root /web/example;
        }
    

    location ~ .php$ { //nginx处理静态的页面,动态的转给FastCGI处理

        #       fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
        #       # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
        #
        #       # With php5-cgi alone:
                 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        #       # With php5-fpm:
        #       fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
                 fastcgi_index index.php;
                 include fastcgi_params;
        }
    
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        location ~ /.ht {
                deny all;
        }
    

    }

    看下效果了,如过你的不成功,自己检查下….

    参考资料: 
    1,http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10 
    2,http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10-p2 
    3,张宴的《实战Nginx:取代Apache的高性能Web服务器》

    http://my.oschina.net/syc2013/blog/283151
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/likwo/p/4628409.html
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