• Spring Cloud简述及简单入门实例


     

    Spring Cloud简述及简单入门实例

    1.1 概述

    Spring Cloud基于Spring Boot,提供了多个组件来帮助企业进行微服务系统建设;它提供的主要功能有:服务注册中心/服务注册/服务调用/负载均衡/断路器等;一般情况下它都是使用已有的开源软件,在其基础上按Spring Boot的理念来进行封装,简化各种个组件的调用以及各个组件之间的交互。

    1.2 常用组件

    Spring Cloud主要包含以下常用组件:EurekanacosRibbonFeign

    1.2.1 Eureka

    分成两类:

    1)一是注册中心及EurekaServer,用于提供服务注册/服务申请等功能;

    2)一是被注册者及服务提供者EurekaClient,用于向EurekaServer注册服务并可从EurekaServer获取需要调用的服务地址信息;

    需要向外提供服务的应用,需要使用EurekaClient来向Server注册服务。

    1.2.2 Ribbon

    负责进行客户端负载均衡的组件;一般与RestTemplate结合,在访问EurekaClient提供的服务时进行负载均衡处理。

    也就是说,Ribbon用于服务调用者向被调用者进行服务调用,并且如果服务者有多个节点时,会进行客户端的负载均衡处理;

    1.2.3 Feign

    Ribbon功能类型,用于调用方与被调用方的服务调用,同时进行客户端负载均衡的处理;不过它能提供类似本地调用的方式调用远程的EurekaClient提供的服务;它实际上是在Ribbon基础上进行了进一步的封装来提高调用服务的简便性。

    1.3 使用示例

    假设现在有springcloud-eurekaClientspringcloud-eurekaClient2向外提供服务,该服务同时部署两个节点;Client通过Feign或者是Ribbon调用其提供的服务,其部署关系及数据流向图如下所示:

     

    第一步:启动注册中心(启动springCloud-EurekaServer项目);服务提供者及调用者向服务中心注册;

    第二步:服务调用者向服务中心申请服务,根据服务中心返回的地址信息调用服务提供者提供的服务;

    第三步:注册中心通过心跳检测方式检测服务提供者的状态,当某个提供者连接不上时,发送消息通知所有注册者;

    下面详细说明每个节点的实现; 具体代码见

    1.4 Eureka服务端springCloud-EurekaServer

    新建springCloud-EurekaServer   Maven工程,具体目录结构如下图

     

    1.4.1 pom.xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>springCloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath />
        </parent>

        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        </properties>

        <dependencies>
            <!-- eureka -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

        <!-- Spring Cloud -->
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.SR4</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>

        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.8</source>
                        <target>1.8</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>



    </project>

     

    1.4.2 Application.yml配置

    server:
      port: 8888

    #应用的名字
    spring:
      application:
        name: springCloud-EurekaServer
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost
      client:
        registerWithEureka: false  # 由于该应用为注册中心,所以设置为false,代表不向注册中心注册自己
        fetchRegistry: false  # 由于注册中心的职责就是维护服务实例,他并不需要去检索服务,所以也设置为false
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

    1.4.3 Application.cs文件

    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

    // 通过@EnableEurekaServer注解启动一个服务注册中心提供给其他应用进行对话。
    @EnableEurekaServer
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Application {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args);
            System.out.println("启动成功!");
        }
    }

    1.4.4 启动结果

    启动完后通过http://localhost:8888/可以看到EurekaServer的监控页面; 此时还没有节点注册,如下图;

     

    1.5 Eureka服务提供方(springcloud-eurekaClient

    新建springcloud-eurekaClient   Maven工程,具体目录结构如下图

    1.5.1 pom.xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-eurekaserver</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

        <!-- Spring Boot -->
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath />
        </parent>

        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>

        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

        <!-- Spring Cloud -->
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.SR4</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    </project>

    1.5.2 Application.yml配置

    server:
      port: 8901
      
    #应用的名字
    spring:
      application:
        name: springcloud-eurekaClient
    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/

    1.5.3 Application.cs文件

    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

    @EnableEurekaClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Application {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
            System.out.println("启用成功!");
        }
    }

    1.5.4 ComputeController.cs文件

    package com.lijun.controller;

    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


    @RestController
    public class ComputeController {
       private final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass());

        @RequestMapping(value = "/add" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public Integer add(@RequestParam Integer a, @RequestParam Integer b) {
           
            Integer r = a + b;
            logger.info("/add, result:" + r);
            return r;
        }
        
       @GetMapping("/hello")
        public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
           return " Welcome-: "+name;
        }
    }

    1.5.5 启动结果

    启动main函数后,通过http://localhost:8888可以看到已经有节点注册;

    如果要启动多个节点做负载均衡,可以修改application.yml中的端口信息后再次启动main函数就可以了。

     

    1.6 调用方(springCloud-feignClient

    新建springCloud-feignClient   Maven工程,具体目录结构如下图

    1.6.1 pom.xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>springCloud-feignClient</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

        <!-- Spring Boot -->
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath />
        </parent>

        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>

        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

        <!-- Spring Cloud -->
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.SR4</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>


    </project>

    1.6.2 Application.yml配置

    server:
      port: 8999
      
    #应用的名字
    spring:
      application:
        name: springCloud-feignClient
    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/

    1.6.3 FeignApplication.cs文件

    package com.lijun.feign;

    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

    /**
     * 在启动类上加@EnableFeignClients注解,
     * 如果你的Feign接口定义跟你的启动类不在一个包名下,还需要制定扫描的包
     * @EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.lijun.api.client")
     * @author ljl
     *
     */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class FeignApplication {

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
            System.out.println("启动成功");
        }
    }

    1.6.4 FeignConfiguration.cs文件

    package com.lijun.feign.config;

    import feign.Retryer;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

    /**
     * 自定义配置类
     * @author ljl
     *
     */
    @Configuration
    public class FeignConfiguration {
       
       /**
        * 覆盖默认的RetryerBean,重试间隔为100毫秒,最大重试时间为1秒,重试次数5
        * @return
        */
       @Bean
       public Retryer feignRetryer(){
          return new Retryer.Default(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(1), 5);
       }

    }

    1.6.5 EurekaClientFeign.cs文件

    package com.lijun.feign.interfaces;

    import com.lijun.feign.config.FeignConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

    /**
     * Feign客户端调用接口
     * @author ljl
     *
     */
    @FeignClient(value = "springcloud-eurekaClient",configuration = FeignConfiguration.class)
    public interface EurekaClientFeign {

       /**
        * 调用远程服务器的方法
        * 服务器即为上述注解@FeignClientvalue = "ppl-server"
        * @param name
        * @return
        */
       @GetMapping("/hello")
       String sayHiFromRemote(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
    }

    1.6.6 Hiservice.cs文件

    package com.lijun.feign.service;


    import com.lijun.feign.interfaces.EurekaClientFeign;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

    @Service
    public class Hiservice {

       @Autowired
       EurekaClientFeign eureClientFeign;
       public String sayHi(String name){
          return eureClientFeign.sayHiFromRemote(name);
       }
    }

    1.6.7 HiController.cs文件

    package com.lijun.feign.controller;


    import com.lijun.feign.service.Hiservice;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    @RestController
    public class HiController {

       @Autowired
       Hiservice hiService;
       
       /**
        * 在该接口调用了HiservicesayHi()方法,Hiservice通过接口EurekaClientFeign远程
        * 调用 springcloud-eurekaClient 项目 ComputeController.cs中的 "/hello"
        * @param name
        * @return
        */
       @GetMapping("/hi")
       public String sayHi(@RequestParam(defaultValue="Feifn-client-test",required=false)String name){
          return hiService.sayHi(name);
       }
    }

    1.6.8 启动结果

    启动main方法后,通过EurekaServer的监控页面可以看到又多了一个名称为SPRINGCLOUD-FEIGNCLIENT的节点; 此时可以通过http://localhost:8999/hi来查看执行结果。

    1.7 结束

    这就是spring cloud 的简单示例,在此感谢 https://blog.csdn.net/icarusliu/article/details/79461012 博主,如果需要代码,请关注公众号,发送springcloud”,获取下载地址

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lijun-xiao/p/12300846.html
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