一、枚举
通过enum关键字来实现枚举,在枚举中需要注意的有:
1. 枚举中的属性必须放在最前面,一般使用大写字母表示
2. 枚举中可以和java类一样定义方法
3. 枚举中的构造方法必须是私有的
通过一个java类来模拟枚举的功能:
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; public abstract class WeekDay { public static final WeekDay SUN = new WeekDay() { @Override public WeekDay nextDay() { return MON; } }; public static final WeekDay MON = new WeekDay() { @Override public WeekDay nextDay() { return SUN; } }; @Override public String toString() { return this == SUN ?"SUN星期天":"MON星期一" ; } public abstract WeekDay nextDay(); public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(WeekDay.SUN.nextDay()); System.out.println(WeekDay.MON.nextDay()); } }
4.可以在枚举属性后面添加()来调用指定参数的构造方法,添加{}来实现其对应的匿名内部类,例如:
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; public enum TrafficLamp { RED(30){ public TrafficLamp nextLamp() { return GREEN ; } }, GREEN(20){ public TrafficLamp nextLamp() { return YELLOW ; } }, YELLOW(10){ public TrafficLamp nextLamp() { return RED ; } } ; public abstract TrafficLamp nextLamp() ; private int time ; private TrafficLamp(int time){ this.time = time ; System.out.println(time); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(TrafficLamp.GREEN); } }
二、通过枚举来实现单例
实现单例的核心在于private私有化类中的构造方法,在枚举中的构造方法必须是私有的,这就为枚举来实现单例奠定了基础。下面以数据源中获得Connection连接来举例:
在开发中经常是通过数据源来获得数据库的Connection,数据源的实现方式有多种,最典型的有两种,一种是C3P0,另外一种是DBCP(以后有机会再针对两种数据源进行讨论),这里以C3P0数据源为例。由于数据源的创建与销毁都是十分消耗性能的,并且系统中有一个数据源一般就能满足开发的要求,因此要将数据源设计为单例。
采用分散配置,创建一个jdbc.propertis文件,其内容如下:
driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbcUrl = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/liaokailin user = root password = mysqladmin maxPoolSize = 20 minPoolSize = 5
创建一个MyDataBaseSource的枚举:
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.ResourceBundle; import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource; public enum MyDataBaseSource { DATASOURCE; private ComboPooledDataSource cpds = null; private MyDataBaseSource() { try { /*--------获取properties文件内容------------*/ // 方法一: /* * InputStream is = * MyDBSource.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties"); * Properties p = new Properties(); p.load(is); * System.out.println(p.getProperty("driverClass") ); */ // 方法二:(不需要properties的后缀) /* * ResourceBundle rb = PropertyResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc") ; * System.out.println(rb.getString("driverClass")); */ // 方法三:(不需要properties的后缀) ResourceBundle rs = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc"); cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource(); cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource(); cpds.setDriverClass(rs.getString("driverClass")); cpds.setJdbcUrl(rs.getString("jdbcUrl")); cpds.setUser(rs.getString("user")); cpds.setPassword(rs.getString("password")); cpds.setMaxPoolSize(Integer.parseInt(rs.getString("maxPoolSize"))); cpds.setMinPoolSize(Integer.parseInt(rs.getString("minPoolSize"))); System.out.println("-----调用了构造方法------"); ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public Connection getConnection() { try { return cpds.getConnection(); } catch (SQLException e) { return null; } } }
测试代码:
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { MyDataBaseSource.DATASOURCE.getConnection() ; MyDataBaseSource.DATASOURCE.getConnection() ; MyDataBaseSource.DATASOURCE.getConnection() ; } }
结果如下:
-----调用了构造方法------ 2013-7-17 17:10:57 com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource getPoolManager 信息: Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> 1hge16d8v1tgb0wppydrzz|2c1e6b, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> 1hge16d8v1tgb0wppydrzz|2c1e6b, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 3, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/kaoqin, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 0, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 20, maxStatements -> 0, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 5, numHelperThreads -> 3, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, statementCacheNumDeferredCloseThreads -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
很显然获得了三个Connection连接,但是只调用了一次枚举的构造方法,从而通过枚举实现了单例的设计