• 在web项目中搭建一个spring mvc + spring + mybatis的环境


    介绍:本文中示范搭建一个ssm环境的框架:使用流程就是客户端通过http请求访问指定的接口,然后由服务器接受到请求处理完成后将结果返回。

    本项目请求流程细节介绍:由客户端请求到指定的接口,这个接口是个jsp的页面,在jsp页面中会自动请求jsp中指定的接口,请求到达comcat服务器后由spring mvc提供的DispatchServlet类进行接受,然后将请求交给HandierMapping接口的实现类去解析当前请求的所有参数,再交给HandlerAdaper接口的实现类去将所有参数和对象(如:Request, Response)封装后,再调用具体的后台逻辑中的controller接口。当controller接口执行完毕后会将结果返回给调用者(因为这里直接请求后台的是jsp所以会返回给jsp),然后由jsp将结果进行美化后展示给浏览器展现出来。本项目中前端展示用jsp来展示的,其实也可以用前后分离的方式,将后端的处理结果直接响应给前端,然后前端接受到后直接自己专门用专业的前端技术处理结果,然后展示给客户端即可。

    *jsp处理简介:jsp其实也就是servlet,因为tomcat中有一个servlet会将jsp文件读取过来然后自动生成对应的java代码,其中的标签就用字符串描述以IO流方式输出打印到浏览器。

    上代码:

    数据库:

    1.web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee                       
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
        <!-- 配置上下文参数:就是配置spring的xml路径 -->
        <context-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </context-param>
        
        <!-- 配置监听器 -->
        <listener>
            <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
        </listener>
        
        <!-- 配置spring前端控制器,用于接受所有的http请求的一个servlet -->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <!-- 添加自启动,在加载这个在服务器刚开始加载这个文件的时候就将此Servlet实例化了,如果不加,则等到真正调用
            时才会实例化 -->
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <!-- 配置访问名叫springmvc的这个servlet时:除过一点jsp结尾的请求会被过滤外,其他请求皆会接受 -->
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
        <!-- 配置字符编码过滤器:当前只对post请求有效,其他请求没试过,get请求不行 -->
        <filter>
            <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>    
        <!-- 配置将哪些路径请求编码,这里配置的是所有 -->
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
        <!-- 修改Tomcat默认首页的jsp文件,此处配置了aa.jsp,那么如果直接访问http://localhost:8080/ssm/单独只有斜杠
        的话就会直接走首页的jsp,此处已经将默认的index.jsp换为aa.jsp -->
        <welcome-file-list>
            <welcome-file>aa.jsp</welcome-file>
        </welcome-file-list>
    </web-app>

    2.applicationContext.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd" default-autowire="byName">
        <!-- 扫描注解:但凡是此包下的类都会扫描,然后将其加载到spring的容器中,此时启动完成后spring的容器中就有此对象了 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.mr.li.service.impl"></context:component-scan>
        <!-- 加载属性文件 -->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
        <!-- 配置读取数据源 -->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
            <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
            <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
        </bean>
        <!-- SqlSessionFactory -->
        <bean id="factory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
            <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.mr.li.pojo"></property>
        </bean>
        <!-- 扫描器 -->
        <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
            <property name="basePackage" value="com.mr.li.mapper"></property>
            <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="factory"></property>
        </bean>
        <!-- 事务管理器 -->
        <bean id="txManage" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
        <!-- 声明式事务 -->
        <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManage">
            <tx:attributes>
                <tx:method name="ins*"/>
                <tx:method name="del*"/>
                <tx:method name="upd*"/>
                <tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/>
            </tx:attributes>
        </tx:advice>
        <!-- 配置aop -->
        <aop:config>
            <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.mr.li.service.impl.*.*(..))" id="mypoint"/>
            <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="mypoint"/>
        </aop:config>
    </beans>

    3.db.properties:数据库参数properties文件

    jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
    jdbc.username = root
    jdbc.password = 123456

    4.springmvc.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
        <!-- 扫描直接,只扫描controller包 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.mr.li.controller"></context:component-scan>
        <!-- 注解驱动,注册HandlerMapping和HandlerAdapter -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
        <!-- 设置静态资源 -->
        <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"></mvc:resources>
        <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"></mvc:resources>
        <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"></mvc:resources>
        <!-- 视图解析器 -->
        <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
        </bean>
    </beans>

    5.MenuMapper.java:相当于Dao层,java映射类(映射到mapper.xml中,而mapper.xml映射在spring的xml就是applicationContext.xml中有调用,调用处:id="factory")

    package com.mr.li.mapper;
    /**
     * 相当于dao的Service
     * @author Administrator
     *
     */
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import com.mr.li.pojo.Menu;
    
    public interface MenuMapper {
    
        /**
         * 根据pid获得菜单对象
         * @param pid
         * @return
         */
        List<Menu> selectByPid(int pid);
    }

    6.MenuMapper.xml:映射xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
      PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
      "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.mr.li.mapper.MenuMapper">
        <resultMap type="menu" id="mymap">
            <id property="id" column="id"/>
            <collection property="children" select="com.mr.li.mapper.MenuMapper.selectByPid" column="id"></collection>
        </resultMap>
        <select id="selectByPid" parameterType="int" resultMap="mymap">
            select * from menu where pid=#{0}
        </select>
    </mapper>

    7.MenuController.java:客户端要访问的哪个接口

    package com.mr.li.controller;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    import com.mr.li.pojo.Menu;
    import com.mr.li.service.MenuService;
    
    @Controller
    public class MenuController {
    
        @Resource
        private MenuService menuServiceImpl;
        
        @RequestMapping("show")
        @ResponseBody
        public List<Menu> show(){
            return menuServiceImpl.show();
        }
        
        @RequestMapping("show1")
        @ResponseBody
        public String show1(){
            return "hello world";
        }
    
    }

    8.Menu.java 实体类

    package com.mr.li.pojo;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class Menu {
    
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private int pid;
        private List<Menu> children;
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public int getPid() {
            return pid;
        }
        public void setPid(int pid) {
            this.pid = pid;
        }
        public List<Menu> getChildren() {
            return children;
        }
        public void setChildren(List<Menu> children) {
            this.children = children;
        }
    }

    9.service

    package com.mr.li.service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import com.mr.li.pojo.Menu;
    
    public interface MenuService {
    
        /**
         * 查看所有菜单
         * @return
         */
        List<Menu> show();
    }

    10.serviceImpl

    package com.mr.li.service.impl;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import com.mr.li.mapper.MenuMapper;
    import com.mr.li.pojo.Menu;
    import com.mr.li.service.MenuService;
    
    @Service
    public class MenuServiceImpl implements MenuService{
    
        @Resource
        private MenuMapper menuMapper;
        
        @Override
        public List<Menu> show() {
            return menuMapper.selectByPid(0);
        }
    
    }

    11.默认请求页面:aa.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.7.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    $(function(){
        $.post("show",function(data){
            var result ="";
            for(var i=0;i<data.length;i++){
                result+="<dl>";
                result+="<dt style='cursor:pointer'>"+data[i].name+"</dt>";
                for(var j=0;j<data[i].children.length;j++){
                    result+="<dd>"+data[i].children[j].name+"</dd>";
                }
                result+="</dl>";
            }
            $("body").html(result);
        });
        
        //对所有父菜单添加点击事件 
        //live("事件名,多个事件使用空格分割",function(){})
        $("dt").live("click",function(){
            //slow normal fast 数值
            $(this).siblings().slideToggle(1000);
        });
        
    })
    </script>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    </body>
    </html>

    12.jquery-1.7.2:贴不了,自己导入,这不是重点:只要前端收到请求就好

    项目页面分布:

     请求的url:http://localhost:8080/ssm/aa.jsp

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/li-yan-long/p/10740813.html
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