• Promise.all( ) 的使用


    Promise.all(iterable) 方法返回一个 Promise 实例,此实例在 iterable 参数内所有的 promise 都“完成(resolved)”或参数中不包含 promise 时回调完成(resolve);如果参数中  promise 有一个失败(rejected),此实例回调失败(reject),失败原因的是第一个失败 promise 的结果。

    var promise1 = Promise.resolve(3);
    var promise2 = 42;
    var promise3 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
      setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');
    });
    
    Promise.all([promise1, promise2, promise3]).then(function(values) {
      console.log(values);
    });
    // expected output: Array [3, 42, "foo"]

    语法
    Promise.all(iterable);

    参数

    iterable一个可迭代对象,如 Array 或 String

    返回值

    1.如果传入的参数是一个空的可迭代对象,则返回一个已完成(already resolved)状态的 Promise

    2.如果传入的参数不包含任何 promise,则返回一个异步完成(asynchronously resolved) Promise。注意:Google Chrome 58 在这种情况下返回一个已完成(already resolved)状态的 Promise

    3.其它情况下返回一个处理中(pending)的Promise。这个返回的 promise 之后会在所有的 promise 都完成或有一个 promise 失败时异步地变为完成或失败。 见下方关于“Promise.all 的异步或同步”示例。返回值将会按照参数内的 promise 顺序排列,而不是由调用 promise 的完成顺序决定。

    说明

    此方法在集合多个 promise 的返回结果时很有用。

    完成(Fulfillment):
    如果传入的可迭代对象为空,Promise.all 会同步地返回一个已完成(resolved)状态的promise
    如果所有传入的 promise 都变为完成状态,或者传入的可迭代对象内没有 promisePromise.all 返回的 promise 异步地变为完成。
    在任何情况下,Promise.all 返回的 promise 的完成状态的结果都是一个数组,它包含所有的传入迭代参数对象的值(也包括非 promise 值)。

    失败/拒绝(Rejection):
    如果传入的 promise 中有一个失败(rejected),Promise.all 异步地将失败的那个结果给失败状态的回调函数,而不管其它 promise 是否完成。

    示例

    Promise.all 等待所有都完成(或第一个失败)

    var p1 = Promise.resolve(3);
    var p2 = 1337;
    var p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');
    }); 
    
    Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then(values => { 
      console.log(values); // [3, 1337, "foo"] 
    });

    如果参数中包含非 promise 值,这些值将被忽略,但仍然会被放在返回数组中(如果 promise完成的话):

    // this will be counted as if the iterable passed is empty, so it gets fulfilled
    var p = Promise.all([1,2,3]);
    // this will be counted as if the iterable passed contains only the resolved promise with value "444", so it gets fulfilled
    var p2 = Promise.all([1,2,3, Promise.resolve(444)]);
    // this will be counted as if the iterable passed contains only the rejected promise with value "555", so it gets rejected
    var p3 = Promise.all([1,2,3, Promise.reject(555)]);
    
    // using setTimeout we can execute code after the stack is empty
    setTimeout(function(){
        console.log(p);
        console.log(p2);
        console.log(p3);
    });
    
    // logs
    // Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[3] }
    // Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[4] }
    // Promise { <state>: "rejected", <reason>: 555 }

    Promise.all的异步和同步

    下面的例子中演示了 Promise.all 的异步性(如果传入的可迭代对象是空的,就是同步):

    // we are passing as argument an array of promises that are already resolved,
    // to trigger Promise.all as soon as possible
    var resolvedPromisesArray = [Promise.resolve(33), Promise.resolve(44)];
    
    var p = Promise.all(resolvedPromisesArray);
    // immediately logging the value of p
    console.log(p);
    
    // using setTimeout we can execute code after the stack is empty
    setTimeout(function(){
        console.log('the stack is now empty');
        console.log(p);
    });
    
    // logs, in order:
    // Promise { <state>: "pending" } 
    // the stack is now empty
    // Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[2] }

    如果 Promise.all 失败,也是一样的:

    var mixedPromisesArray = [Promise.resolve(33), Promise.reject(44)];
    var p = Promise.all(mixedPromisesArray);
    console.log(p);
    setTimeout(function(){
        console.log('the stack is now empty');
        console.log(p);
    });
    
    // logs
    // Promise { <state>: "pending" } 
    // the stack is now empty
    // Promise { <state>: "rejected", <reason>: 44 }

    但是,Promise.all 当且仅当传入的可迭代对象为空时为同步:

    var p = Promise.all([]); // will be immediately resolved
    var p2 = Promise.all([1337, "hi"]); // non-promise values will be ignored, but the evaluation will be done asynchronously
    console.log(p);
    console.log(p2)
    setTimeout(function(){
        console.log('the stack is now empty');
        console.log(p2);
    });
    
    // logs
    // Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[0] }
    // Promise { <state>: "pending" }
    // the stack is now empty
    // Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[2] }

    Promise.all 的快速返回失败行为

    Promise.all 在任意一个传入的 promise 失败时返回失败。例如,如果你传入的 promise中,有四个 promise 在一定的时间之后调用成功函数,有一个立即调用失败函数,那么 Promise.all 将立即变为失败。

    var p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { 
      setTimeout(resolve, 1000, 'one'); 
    }); 
    var p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { 
      setTimeout(resolve, 2000, 'two'); 
    });
    var p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(resolve, 3000, 'three');
    });
    var p4 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(resolve, 4000, 'four');
    });
    var p5 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      reject('reject');
    });
    
    Promise.all([p1, p2, p3, p4, p5]).then(values => { 
      console.log(values);
    }, reason => {
      console.log(reason)
    });
    
    //From console:
    //"reject"
    
    //You can also use .catch
    Promise.all([p1, p2, p3, p4, p5]).then(values => { 
      console.log(values);
    }).catch(reason => { 
      console.log(reason)
    });
    
    //From console: 
    //"reject"

    参考原文:https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/all

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lcspring/p/11169295.html
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