一、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握接口定义方法；
(2) 掌握实现接口类的定义要求；
(3) 掌握实现了接口类的使用要求；
(4) 掌握程序回调设计模式；
(5) 掌握Comparator接口用法；
(6) 掌握对象浅层拷贝与深层拷贝方法；
(7) 掌握Lambda表达式语法；
(8) 了解内部类的用途及语法要求。
二、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第6章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
编辑、编译、调试运行阅读教材214页-215页程序6-1、6-2，理解程序并分析程序运行结果；
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
掌握接口的实现用法；
掌握内置接口Compareable的用法。
package interfaces; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates the use of the Comparable interface. * @version 1.30 2004-02-27 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EmployeeSortTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee[] staff = new Employee[3]; staff[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 35000); staff[1] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000); staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 38000); Arrays.sort(staff); // 打印所有员工对象的信息 for (Employee e : staff) System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary()); } }
package interfaces; public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee> { private String name; private double salary; public Employee(String name, double salary) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } /** * Compares employees by salary * @param other another Employee object * @return a negative value if this employee has a lower salary than * otherObject, 0 if the salaries are the same, a positive value otherwise */ public int compareTo(Employee other) { return Double.compare(salary, other.salary); } }
测试程序2：
编辑、编译、调试以下程序，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
|
interface A { double g=9.8; void show( ); } class C implements A { public void show( ) {System.out.println("g="+g);} }
class InterfaceTest { public static void main(String[ ] args) { A a=new C( ); a.show( ); System.out.println("g="+C.g); } } |
测试程序3：
在elipse IDE中调试运行教材223页6-3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
26行、36行代码参阅224页，详细内容涉及教材12章。
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
掌握回调程序设计模式
package timer; /** @version 1.01 2015-05-12 @author Cay Horstmann */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; // to resolve conflict with java.util.Timer public class TimerTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter(); // construct a timer that calls the listener // once every 10 seconds Timer t = new Timer(10000, listener); t.start(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } } class TimePrinter implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); } }
测试程序4：
l 调试运行教材229页-231页程序6-4、6-5，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
l 掌握对象克隆实现技术；
l 掌握浅拷贝和深拷贝的差别。
/** * This program demonstrates cloning. * @version 1.10 2002-07-01 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class CloneTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Employee original = new Employee("John Q. Public", 50000); original.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1); Employee copy = original.clone(); copy.raiseSalary(10); copy.setHireDay(2002, 12, 31); System.out.println("original=" + original); System.out.println("copy=" + copy); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
import java.util.Date; import java.util.GregorianCalendar; public class Employee implements Cloneable { private String name; private double salary; private Date hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = new Date(); } public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { // call Object.clone() Employee cloned = (Employee) super.clone(); // clone mutable fields cloned.hireDay = (Date) hireDay.clone(); return cloned; } /** * Set the hire day to a given date. * @param year the year of the hire day * @param month the month of the hire day * @param day the day of the hire day */ public void setHireDay(int year, int month, int day) { Date newHireDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime(); // Example of instance field mutation hireDay.setTime(newHireDay.getTime()); } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } public String toString() { return "Employee[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; } }
实验2： 导入第6章示例程序6-6，学习Lambda表达式用法。
l 调试运行教材233页-234页程序6-6，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
l 将27-29行代码与教材223页程序对比，将27-29行代码与此程序对比，体会Lambda表达式的优点。
package lambda; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; /** * This program demonstrates the use of lambda expressions. * @version 1.0 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class LambdaTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] planets = new String[] { "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" }; System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); System.out.println("Sorted in dictionary order:"); Arrays.sort(planets); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); System.out.println("Sorted by length:"); Arrays.sort(planets, (first, second) -> first.length() - second.length()); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); Timer t = new Timer(1000, event -> System.out.println("The time is " + new Date())); t.start(); // keep program running until user selects "Ok" JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } }
实验3: 编程练习
l 编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中；
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息；
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息；
查询最小年龄人员信息；
package Test1; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; public class Main{ private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist; public static void main(String[] args) { studentlist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("C:Users:\身份证号.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String number = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String province =linescanner.nextLine(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName(name); student.setnumber(number); student.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); student.setage(a); student.setprovince(province); studentlist.add(student); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误"); e.printStackTrace(); } boolean isTrue = true; while (isTrue) { System.out.println("选择你的操作，输入正确格式的选项"); System.out.println("a.字典排序"); System.out.println("b.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人"); System.out.println("c.寻找老乡"); System.out.println("d.寻找年龄相近的人"); System.out.println("e.退出"); String m = scanner.next(); switch (m) { case "a": Collections.sort(studentlist); System.out.println(studentlist.toString()); break; case "b": int max=0,min=100; int j,k1 = 0,k2=0; for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++) { j=studentlist.get(i).getage(); if(j>max) { max=j; k1=i; } if(j<min) { min=j; k2=i; } } System.out.println("年龄最大："+studentlist.get(k1)); System.out.println("年龄最小："+studentlist.get(k2)); break; case "c": System.out.println("老家?"); String find = scanner.next(); String place=find.substring(0,3); for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) { if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) System.out.println("老乡"+studentlist.get(i)); } break; case "d": System.out.println("年龄："); int yourage = scanner.nextInt(); int near=agenear(yourage); int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage(); System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near)); break; case "e": isTrue = false; System.out.println("退出程序!"); break; default: System.out.println("输入有误"); } } } public static int agenear(int age) { int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0; for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age; if(value<0) value=-value; if (value<min) { min=value; k=i; } } return k; } }
package Test2;
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> { private String name; private String number ; private String sex ; private int age; private String province; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getnumber() { return number; } public void setnumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public String getsex() { return sex ; } public void setsex(String sex ) { this.sex =sex ; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { // int a = Integer.parseInt(age); this.age= age; } public String getprovince() { return province; } public void setprovince(String province) { this.province=province ; } public int compareTo(Student o) { return this.name.compareTo(o.getName()); } public String toString() { return name+" "+sex+" "+age+" "+number+" "+province+" "; } }
实验4：内部类语法验证实验
实验程序1：
l 编辑、调试运行教材246页-247页程序6-7，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
了解内部类的基本用法。
package innerClass; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; /** * This program demonstrates the use of inner classes. * @version 1.11 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class InnerClassTest { public static void main(String[] args) { TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(1000, true); clock.start(); // keep program running until user selects "Ok" JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } } /** * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals. */ class TalkingClock { private int interval; private boolean beep; /** * Constructs a talking clock * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds) * @param beep true if the clock should beep */ public TalkingClock(int interval, boolean beep) { this.interval = interval; this.beep = beep; } /** * Starts the clock. */ public void start() { ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter(); Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener); t.start(); } public class TimePrinter implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); } } }
实验程序2：
l 编辑、调试运行教材254页程序6-8，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解匿名内部类的用法。
package anonymouslnnerClass; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; /** * This program demonstrates anonymous inner classes. * @version 1.11 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class AnonymousInnerClassTest { public static void main(String[] args) { TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(); clock.start(1000, true); // keep program running until user selects "Ok" JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } } /** * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals. */ class TalkingClock { /** * Starts the clock. * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds) * @param beep true if the clock should beep */ public void start(int interval, boolean beep) { ActionListener listener = new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); } }; Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener); t.start(); } }
实验程序3：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材257页-258页程序6-9，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解静态内部类的用法。
package staticInnerClass; /** * This program demonstrates the use of static inner classes. * @version 1.02 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class StaticInnerClassTest { public static void main(String[] args) { double[] d = new double[20]; for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++) d[i] = 100 * Math.random(); ArrayAlg.Pair p = ArrayAlg.minmax(d); System.out.println("min = " + p.getFirst()); System.out.println("max = " + p.getSecond()); } } class ArrayAlg { /** * A pair of floating-point numbers */ public static class Pair { private double first; private double second; /** * Constructs a pair from two floating-point numbers * @param f the first number * @param s the second number */ public Pair(double f, double s) { first = f; second = s; } /** * Returns the first number of the pair * @return the first number */ public double getFirst() { return first; } /** * Returns the second number of the pair * @return the second number */ public double getSecond() { return second; } } /** * Computes both the minimum and the maximum of an array * @param values an array of floating-point numbers * @return a pair whose first element is the minimum and whose second element * is the maximum */ public static Pair minmax(double[] values) { double min = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; double max = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; for (double v : values) { if (min > v) min = v; if (max < v) max = v; } return new Pair(min, max); } }
实验总结
通过本章的学习，我了解了掌握接口定义方法；实现接口类的定义要求；实现了接口类的使用要求；程序回调设计模式；Comparator接口用法；对象浅层拷贝与深层拷贝方法；Lambda表达式语法；内部类的用途及语法要求。我还发现读代码有助于我这个阶段的学习。但是我感觉本章内容我只是粗劣了解，还不能完全理解，后面我会查阅资料，进行更进一步的学习。