C++第11周(春)项目2

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【项目2 - 职员有薪水了】定义一个名为CPerson的类，有以下私有成员:姓名、身份证号、性别和年龄，成员函数：构造函数、析构函数、输出信息的函数。并在此基础上派生出CEmployee类，派生类CEmployee添加了两个新的数据成员，分别用于表示部门和薪水。要求派生类CEmployee的构造函数显示调用基类CPerson的构造函数，并为派生类CEmployee定义析构函数，定义输出信息的函数。

class CPerson  
{  
protected:  
    string m_szName;  
    string m_szId;  
    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man  
    int m_nAge;  
public:  
    CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);  
    void Show1();  
    ~CPerson();  
};  
  
  
class CEmployee:public CPerson  
{  
private:  
    string m_szDepartment;  
    double m_Salary;  
public:  
    CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);  
    void Show2();  
    ~CEmployee();  
};  
  
  
int main()  
{  
    string name,id,department;  
    int sex,age;  
    double salary;  
    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:
";  
    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;  
    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);  
    employee1.Show2();  
    return 0;  
}  

　　以下的执行结果供參考：
　　

　　參考解答：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

class CPerson
{
protected:
    string m_szName;
    string m_szId;
    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man
    int m_nAge;
public:
    CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);
    void Show1();
    ~CPerson();
};

class CEmployee:public CPerson
{
private:
    string m_szDepartment;
    double m_Salary;
public:
    CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);
    void Show2();
    ~CEmployee();
};

CPerson::CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age)
{
    m_szName=name;
    m_szId=id;
    m_nSex=sex;
    m_nAge=age;
}

void CPerson::Show1()
{
    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;
    if(m_nSex==0)
        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
    else
        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;
}

CPerson::~CPerson() { }

CEmployee::CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary)
    :CPerson(name,id,sex,age)
{
    m_szDepartment=department;
    m_Salary=salary;
}

void CEmployee::Show2()
{
    cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;
    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;
    if(m_nSex==0)
        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
    else
        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge;
    //因为基类CPerson的成员变量採用了protected属性，因此可採用上述述代码实现，否则若
    //基类CPerson的成员变量採用了privated属性，则仅仅能使用CPerson::Show();实现
    cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;
}

CEmployee::~CEmployee() {}

int main()
{
    string name,id,department;
    int sex,age;
    double salary;
    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:
";
    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;
    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);
    employee1.Show2();
    return 0;
}

【项目2拓展（选做）】字符串除了用C++扩充的string类型外，按C语言的传统，还用char *表示。请将类声明中的string所有改为char *后，又一次写一遍程序（此时的差别是，类中有指针成员，构造和析构函数须要考虑深复制的问题了。）

class CPerson  
{  
protected:  
    char *m_szName;  
    char *m_szId;  
    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man  
    int m_nAge;  
public:  
    CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);  
    void Show1();  
    ~CPerson();  
};  
class CEmployee:public CPerson  
{  
private:  
    char *m_szDepartment;  
    float m_Salary;  
public:  
    CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary);  
    void Show2();  
    ~CEmployee();  
};  
int main()  
{  
    char name[10],id[19],department[10];  
    int sex,age;  
    float salary;  
    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:
";  
    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;  
    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);  
    employee1.Show2();  
    return 0;  
}  

參考解答：

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

class CPerson
{
protected:
    char *m_szName;
    char *m_szId;
    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man
    int m_nAge;
public:
    CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);
    void Show1();
    ~CPerson();
};

class CEmployee:public CPerson
{
private:
    char *m_szDepartment;
    float m_Salary;
public:
    CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary);
    void Show2();
    ~CEmployee();
};

CPerson::CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age)
{
    m_szName=new char[strlen(name)+1];
    strcpy(m_szName,name);
    m_szId=new char[strlen(id)+1];
    strcpy(m_szId,id);
    m_nSex=sex;
    m_nAge=age;
}

void CPerson::Show1()
{
    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;	//setw:设置输出数据的宽度,使用时应#include <iomanip.h>
    if(m_nSex==0)
        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
    else
        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;
}

CPerson::~CPerson()
{
    delete [ ]m_szName;
    delete [ ]m_szId;
}

CEmployee::CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary)
    :CPerson(name,id,sex,age)
{
    m_szDepartment=new char[strlen(department)+1];
    strcpy(m_szDepartment,department);
    m_Salary=salary;
}

void CEmployee::Show2()//注意派生类输出函数应输出所有成员变量（含基类继承的成员变量）的值
{
    cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;
    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;
    if(m_nSex==0)
        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
    else
        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge;
    //因为基类CPerson的成员变量採用了protected属性，因此可採用上述述代码实现，否则若
    //基类CPerson的成员变量採用了privated属性，则仅仅能使用CPerson::Show();实现
    cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;
}

CEmployee::~CEmployee()
{
    delete [ ]m_szDepartment;
}

int main()
{
    char name[10],id[19],department[10];
    int sex,age;
    float salary;
    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:
";
    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;
    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);
    employee1.Show2();
    return 0;
}

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