Spring中配置和读取多个Properties文件--转

public class PropertiesFactoryBeanextends PropertiesLoaderSupportimplements FactoryBean, InitializingBean

Allows for making a properties file from a classpath location available as Properties instance in a bean factory. Can be used to populate any bean property of type Properties via a bean reference.

Supports loading from a properties file and/or setting local properties on this FactoryBean. The created Properties instance will be merged from loaded and local values. If neither a location nor local properties are set, an exception will be thrown on initialization.

Can create a singleton or a new object on each request. Default is a singleton.

一个系统中通常会存在如下一些以Properties形式存在的配置文件

1.数据库配置文件demo-db.properties：

database.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/smaple
database.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
database.user=root
database.password=123

2.消息服务配置文件demo-mq.properties:

#congfig of ActiveMQ
mq.java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory
mq.java.naming.provider.url=failover:(tcp://localhost:61616?soTimeout=30000&connectionTimeout=30000)?jms.useAsyncSend=true&timeout=30000
mq.java.naming.security.principal=
mq.java.naming.security.credentials=
jms.MailNotifyQueue.consumer=5

3.远程调用的配置文件demo-remote.properties：

remote.ip=localhost
remote.port=16800
remote.serviceName=test

一、系统中需要加载多个Properties配置文件

应用场景：Properties配置文件不止一个，需要在系统启动时同时加载多个Properties文件。

配置方式：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 将多个配置文件读取到容器中，交给Spring管理 -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
           <list>
              <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式：classpath和file -->
              <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>
              <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入，这样可以将配置和代码分离 -->
              <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>
              <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 -->
    <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate">
        <property name="environment">
            <props>
                <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
                <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
                <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

 我们也可以将配置中的List抽取出来:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 将多个配置文件位置放到列表中 -->
    <bean id="propertyResources" class="java.util.ArrayList">
        <constructor-arg>
            <list>
              <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式：classpath和file -->
              <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>
              <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入，这样可以将配置和代码分离 -->
              <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>
              <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>
            </list>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>

    <!-- 将配置文件读取到容器中，交给Spring管理 -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations" ref="propertyResources" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 -->
    <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate">
        <property name="environment">
            <props>
                <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
                <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
                <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

二、整合多工程下的多个分散的Properties

应用场景：工程组中有多个配置文件，但是这些配置文件在多个地方使用，所以需要分别加载。

配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 将DB属性配置文件位置放到列表中 -->
    <bean id="dbResources" class="java.util.ArrayList">
        <constructor-arg>
        <list>
            <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>
        </list>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>

    <!-- 将MQ属性配置文件位置放到列表中 -->
    <bean id="mqResources" class="java.util.ArrayList">
        <constructor-arg>
        <list>
            <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>
        </list>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>

    <!-- 用Spring加载和管理DB属性配置文件 -->
    <bean id="dbPropertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="order" value="1" />
        <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
        <property name="locations" ref="dbResources" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 用Spring加载和管理MQ属性配置文件 -->
    <bean id="mqPropertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="order" value="2" />
        <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
        <property name="locations" ref="mqResources" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 使用DB中的配置属性 -->
    <bean id="rmsDataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"
        p:driverClassName="${demo.db.driver}" p:url="${demo.db.url}" p:username="${demo.db.username}"
        p:password="${demo.db.password}" pp:maxActive="${demo.db.maxactive}"p:maxWait="${demo.db.maxwait}"
        p:poolPreparedStatements="true" p:defaultAutoCommit="false">
    </bean>

    <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 -->
    <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate">
        <property name="environment">
            <props>
                <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
                <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
                <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
                <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

 注意：其中order属性代表其加载顺序，而ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders为是否忽略不可解析的 Placeholder，如配置了多个PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer，则需设置为true。这里一定需要按照这种方式设置 这两个参数。

三、Bean中直接注入Properties配置文件中的值

应用场景：Bean中需要直接注入Properties配置文件中的值 。例如下面的代码中需要获取上述demo-remote.properties中的值：

public class Client() {
    private String ip;
    private String port;
    private String service;
}

 配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="<a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a>"
 xmlns:xsi="<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</a>"
 xmlns:util="<a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util">http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a>"
 xsi:schemaLocation="
 <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a> <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd</a>
 <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util">http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a> <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd</a>">

 <!-- 这种加载方式可以在代码中通过@Value注解进行注入,
 可以将配置整体赋给Properties类型的类变量，也可以取出其中的一项赋值给String类型的类变量 -->
 <!-- <util:properties/> 标签只能加载一个文件，当多个属性文件需要被加载的时候，可以使用多个该标签 -->
 <util:properties id="remoteSettings" location="file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties" />

 <!-- <util:properties/> 标签的实现类是PropertiesFactoryBean，
 直接使用该类的bean配置，设置其locations属性可以达到一个和上面一样加载多个配置文件的目的 -->
 <bean id="settings"
   class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">
   <property name="locations">
  <list>
    <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-mq.properties</value>
    <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-env.properties</value>
  </list>
   </property>
 </bean>
</beans>

 Client类中使用Annotation如下：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

public class Client() {
    @Value("#{remoteSettings['remote.ip']}")
    private String ip;
    @Value("#{remoteSettings['remote.port']}")
    private String port;
    @Value("#{remoteSettings['remote.serviceName']}")
    private String service;
}

四、Bean中存在Properties类型的类变量

应用场景：当Bean中存在Properties类型的类变量需要以注入的方式初始化

1. 配置方式：我们可以用（三）中的配置方式，只是代码中注解修改如下

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class Client() {
    @Value("#{remoteSettings}")
    private Properties remoteSettings;
}

2. 配置方式：也可以使用xml中声明Bean并且注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 可以使用如下的方式声明Properties类型的FactoryBean来加载配置文件，这种方式就只能当做Properties属性注入，而不能获其中具体的值 -->
    <bean id="remoteConfigs" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 远端调用客户端类 -->
    <bean id="client" class="com.demo.remote.Client">
        <property name="properties" ref="remoteConfigs" />
    </bean>
</beans>

代码如下：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class Client() {
    //@Autowired也可以使用
    private Properties remoteSettings;

    //getter setter
}

上述的各个场景在项目群中特别有用，需要灵活的使用上述各种配置方式。

原文：http://kingxss.iteye.com/blog/1880681

补充：

The Spring Framework PropertiesFactoryBeanTests.java source code

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2006 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

import java.util.Properties;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.core.JdkVersion;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

/**
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 01.11.2003
 */
public class PropertiesFactoryBeanTests extends TestCase {

    public void testWithPropertiesFile() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesXmlFile() throws Exception {
        // ignore for JDK < 1.5
        if (JdkVersion.getMajorJavaVersion() < JdkVersion.JAVA_15) {
            return;
        }

        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test-properties.xml"));
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
    }

    public void testWithLocalProperties() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesFileAndLocalProperties() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        localProps.setProperty("tb.array[0].age", "0");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesFileAndMultipleLocalProperties() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));

        Properties props1 = new Properties();
        props1.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        props1.setProperty("tb.array[0].age", "0");

        Properties props2 = new Properties();
        props2.setProperty("spring", "framework");
        props2.setProperty("Don", "Mattingly");

        Properties props3 = new Properties();
        props3.setProperty("spider", "man");
        props3.setProperty("bat", "man");

        pfb.setPropertiesArray(new Properties[] {props1, props2, props3});
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();

        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
        assertEquals("framework", props.getProperty("spring"));
        assertEquals("Mattingly", props.getProperty("Don"));
        assertEquals("man", props.getProperty("spider"));
        assertEquals("man", props.getProperty("bat"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesFileAndLocalPropertiesAndLocalOverride() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        localProps.setProperty("tb.array[0].age", "0");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.setLocalOverride(true);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("0", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
    }

    public void testWithPrototype() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setSingleton(false);
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
        Properties newProps = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertTrue(props != newProps);
        assertEquals("99", newProps.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", newProps.getProperty("key2"));
    }

}