• Java8中的Stream


    java8也出来好久了,接口默认方法,lambda表达式,函数式接口,Date API等特性还是有必要去了解一下。比如在项目中经常用到集合,遍历集合可以试下lambda表达式,经常还要对集合进行过滤和排序,Stream就派上用场了。

    Stream作为java8的新特性,基于lambda表达式,是对集合对象功能的增强,它专注于对集合对象进行各种搞笑,便利的聚合操作或者大批量的数据操作,提高了编程效率和代码可读性。

    Stream的原理:将要处理的元素看作一种流,留在管道中传输,并且可以在管道的节点上处理,包括过滤筛选、去重、排序、聚合等。元素流在管道中经过中间操作的处理,最后由最终操作得到前面处理的结果。

    集合有两种方式生成流:

    • stream() - 为集合创建串行流
    • parallelStream() - 为集合创建并行流

    上图中是Stream类的类结构图,里面包含了大部分的中间和终止操作。

    中间操作主要有以下方法(此类型方法返回的都是Stream):map (mapToInt, flatMap 等)、 filter、 distinct、 sorted、 peek、 limit、 skip、 parallel、 sequential、 unordered

    终止操作主要有以下方法:forEach、 forEachOrdered、 toArray、 reduce、 collect、 min、 max、 count、 anyMatch、 allMatch、 noneMatch、 findFirst、 findAny、 iterator

    举例说明

    首先为了说明Stream对对象集合的操作,新建一个Student类(学生类),覆写了equals()和hashCode()方法

    public class Student {
        private Long id;
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private String address;
    
        public Student() {
        }
    
        public Student(Long id, String name, int age, String address) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.address = address;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object object) {
            if (this == object) return true;
            if (object == null || getClass() != object.getClass()) return false;
            Student student = (Student) object;
            return age == student.age &&
                    Objects.equals(id, student.id) &&
                    Objects.equals(name, student.name) &&
                    Objects.equals(address, student.address);
        }
    
        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
    
            return Objects.hash(id, name, age, address);
        }
    
        public Long getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Long id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public String getAddress() {
            return address;
        }
    
        public void setAddress(String address) {
            this.address = address;
        }
    }
    

    filter(筛选)

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
            Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
            Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
            Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
            List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
            students.add(s1);
            students.add(s2);
            students.add(s3);
            students.add(s4);
    
            List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students);
            streamStudents.forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    
        /**
         * 集合筛选
         * @param students
         * @return
         */
        private static List<Student> testFilter(List<Student> students) {
            return students.stream().filter(s -> "浙江".equals(s.getAddress())).collect(Collectors.toList());
        }
    

    map(转换)

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
            Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
            Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
            Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
            List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
            students.add(s1);
            students.add(s2);
            students.add(s3);
            students.add(s4);
    
            List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students);
            testMap(students);
        }
    
        /**
         * 集合转换
         * @param students
         */
        private static void testMap(List<Student> students) {
            // 在地址前面加上部分信息,只获取地址输出
            List<String> address = students.stream().map(s -> "住址:" + s.getAddress()).collect(Collectors.toList());
            address.forEach(a -> System.out.println(a));
        }
    

    distinct(去重)

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            testDistinct1();
        }
    
        /**
         * 集合去重(基本类型)
         */
        private static void testDistinct1() {
            // 简单字符串的去重
            List<String> list = Arrays.asList("111", "222", "333", "111", "222");
            list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    
    public static void main(String [] args) {
          testDistinct2();
        }
    
        /**
         * 集合去重(引用对象)
         */
        private static void testDistinct2() {
            //引用对象的去重,引用对象要实现hashCode和equal方法,否则去重无效
            Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
            Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
            Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
            Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
            Student s5 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
            List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
            students.add(s1);
            students.add(s2);
            students.add(s3);
            students.add(s4);
            students.add(s5);
            students.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    

    运行结果:

    Student{id=1, name='肖战', age=15, address='浙江'}
    Student{id=2, name='王一博', age=15, address='湖北'}
    Student{id=3, name='杨紫', age=17, address='北京'}
    Student{id=4, name='李现', age=17, address='浙江'}
    

    可以看出,两个重复的“肖战”同学进行了去重,这不仅因为使用了distinct()方法,而且因为Student对象重写了equals和hashCode()方法,否则去重是无效的

    sorted(排序)

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            testSort();
        }
    
        /**
         * 集合排序(指定排序规则)
         */
        private static void testSort() {
            Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
            Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
            Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
            Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
            List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
            students.add(s1);
            students.add(s2);
            students.add(s3);
            students.add(s4);
            students.stream()
                    .sorted((stu1, stu2) -> Long.compare(stu2.getId(), stu1.getId()))
                    .sorted((stu1, stu2) -> Integer.compare(stu2.getAge(), stu1.getAge()))
                    .forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    

    limit(限制返回个数)

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            testLimit();
        }
    
        /**
         * 集合limit,返回前几个元素
         */
        private static void testLimit() {
            List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333", "222", "111");
            list.stream().limit(2).forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    

    skip(删除元素)

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            testSkip();
        }
    
        /**
         * 集合skip,删除前n个元素
         */
        private static void testSkip() {
            List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333", "222", "111");
            list.stream().skip(2).forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    

    reduce(聚合)

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        testReduce();
    }
    
    /**
     * 集合reduce,将集合中每个元素整合成一条数据
     */
    private static void testReduce() {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("欢", "迎", "你");
        String appendStr = list.stream().reduce("北京", (a, b) -> a + b);
        System.out.println(appendStr);
    }
    

    anyMatch/allMatch/noneMatch(匹配

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            testMatch();
        }
    
        /**
         * anyMatch:Stream 中任意一个元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
           allMatch:Stream 中全部元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
           noneMatch:Stream 中没有一个元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
         */
        private static void testMatch() {
            Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
            Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
            Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
            Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
            List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
            students.add(s1);
            students.add(s2);
            students.add(s3);
            students.add(s4);
            boolean anyMatch = students.stream().anyMatch(s -> "湖北".equals(s.getAddress()));
            if (anyMatch) {
                System.out.println("有湖北人");
            }
            boolean allMatch = students.stream().allMatch(s -> s.getAge() >= 15);
            if (allMatch) {
                System.out.println("所有学生都满15周岁");
            }
            boolean noneMatch = students.stream().noneMatch(s -> "杨洋".equals(s.getName()));
            if (noneMatch) {
                System.out.println("没有叫杨洋的同学");
            }
        }
    

    上面介绍了Stream常用的一些方法,虽然对集合的遍历和操作可以用以前常规的方式,但是当业务逻辑复杂的时候,你会发现代码量很多,可读性很差,明明一行代码解决的事情,你却写了好几行。试试lambda表达式,试试Stream,你会有不一样的体验。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kyoner/p/12306881.html
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