Django与表与表之间多对多三中模型

# 全自动:利用orm自动帮我们创建第三张关系表
    class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
    class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    """
    优点:代码不需要你写 非常的方便 还支持orm提供操作第三张关系表的方法...
    不足之处:第三张关系表的扩展性极差(没有办法额外添加字段...)
    """
# 纯手动
    class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    
    class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  
  class Book2Author(models.Model):
    book_id = models.ForeignKey(to='Book')
    author_id = models.ForeignKey(to='Author')
  '''
  优点:第三张表完全取决于你自己进行额外的扩展
  不足之处:需要写的代码较多，不能够再使用orm提供的简单的方法
  不建议你用该方式
  '''

# 半自动
class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',
                                     through='Book2Author',
                                     through_fields=('book','author')
                                     )
class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    # books = models.ManyToManyField(to='Book',
    #                                  through='Book2Author',
    #                                  through_fields=('author','book')
    #                                  )
class Book2Author(models.Model):
    book = models.ForeignKey(to='Book')
    author = models.ForeignKey(to='Author')

"""
through_fields字段先后顺序
    判断的本质：
        通过第三张表查询对应的表 需要用到哪个字段就把哪个字段放前面
    你也可以简化判断
        当前表是谁 就把对应的关联字段放前面
        
        
半自动:可以使用orm的正反向查询 但是没法使用add,set,remove,clear这四个方法
"""

# 总结:你需要掌握的是全自动和半自动 为了扩展性更高 一般我们都会采用半自动(写代码要给自己留一条后路)

choices参数(数据库字段设计常见)

"""
用户表    
    性别
    学历
    工作经验
    是否结婚
    是否生子
    客户来源
    ...
针对某个可以列举完全的可能性字段，我们应该如何存储

只要某个字段的可能性是可以列举完全的，那么一般情况下都会采用choices参数
"""
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    # 性别
    gender_choices = (
        (1,'男'),
        (2,'女'),
        (3,'其他'),
    )
    gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)
    
    score_choices = (
        ('A','优秀'),
        ('B','良好'),
        ('C','及格'),
        ('D','不合格'),
    )
    # 保证字段类型跟列举出来的元祖第一个数据类型一致即可
    score = models.CharField(choices=score_choices,null=True)
    """
    该gender字段存的还是数字 但是如果存的数字在上面元祖列举的范围之内
    那么可以非常轻松的获取到数字对应的真正的内容
    
    1.gender字段存的数字不在上述元祖列举的范围内容
    2.如果在 如何获取对应的中文信息
    """
    
      
    from app01 import models
    # models.User.objects.create(username='jason',age=18,gender=1)
    # models.User.objects.create(username='egon',age=85,gender=2)
    # models.User.objects.create(username='tank',age=40,gender=3)
    # 存的时候 没有列举出来的数字也能存（范围还是按照字段类型决定）
    # models.User.objects.create(username='tony',age=45,gender=4)

    # 取
    # user_obj = models.User.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
    # print(user_obj.gender)
    # 只要是choices参数的字段 如果你想要获取对应信息 固定写法 get_字段名_display()
    # print(user_obj.get_gender_display())

    user_obj = models.User.objects.filter(pk=4).first()
    # 如果没有对应关系 那么字段是什么还是展示什么
    print(user_obj.get_gender_display())  # 4
    
 
# 实际项目案例
# CRM相关内部表
class School(models.Model):
    """
    校区表
    如：
        北京沙河校区
        上海校区

    """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='校区名称', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Course(models.Model):
    """
    课程表
    如：
        Linux基础
        Linux架构师
        Python自动化开发精英班
        Python自动化开发架构师班
        Python基础班
        go基础班
    """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程名称', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Department(models.Model):
    """
    部门表
    市场部     1000
    销售       1001

    """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='部门名称', max_length=16)
    code = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='部门编号', unique=True, null=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """
    员工表
    """

    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='员工姓名', max_length=16)
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱', max_length=64)
    depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='部门', to="Department",to_field="code")
    user=models.OneToOneField("User",default=1)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class ClassList(models.Model):
    """
    班级表
    如：
        Python全栈  面授班  5期  10000  2017-11-11  2018-5-11
    """
    school = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='校区', to='School')
    course = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='课程名称', to='Course')
    semester = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="班级(期)")


    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="学费")
    start_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="开班日期")
    graduate_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="结业日期", null=True, blank=True)
    memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='说明', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True, )

    teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart':1002})
    tutor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='班主任', to='UserInfo',related_name="class_list",limit_choices_to={'depart':1006})


    def __str__(self):
        return "{0}({1}期)".format(self.course.name, self.semester)


class Customer(models.Model):
    """
    客户表
    """
    qq = models.CharField(verbose_name='qq', max_length=64, unique=True, help_text='QQ号必须唯一')

    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='学生姓名', max_length=16)
    gender_choices = ((1, '男'), (2, '女'))
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='性别', choices=gender_choices)

    education_choices = (
        (1, '重点大学'),
        (2, '普通本科'),
        (3, '独立院校'),
        (4, '民办本科'),
        (5, '大专'),
        (6, '民办专科'),
        (7, '高中'),
        (8, '其他')
    )
    education = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='学历', choices=education_choices, blank=True, null=True, )
    graduation_school = models.CharField(verbose_name='毕业学校', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    major = models.CharField(verbose_name='所学专业', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)

    experience_choices = [
        (1, '在校生'),
        (2, '应届毕业'),
        (3, '半年以内'),
        (4, '半年至一年'),
        (5, '一年至三年'),
        (6, '三年至五年'),
        (7, '五年以上'),
    ]
    experience = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='工作经验', blank=True, null=True, choices=experience_choices)
    work_status_choices = [
        (1, '在职'),
        (2, '无业')
    ]
    work_status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="职业状态", choices=work_status_choices, default=1, blank=True,
                                      null=True)
    company = models.CharField(verbose_name="目前就职公司", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    salary = models.CharField(verbose_name="当前薪资", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)

    source_choices = [
        (1, "qq群"),
        (2, "内部转介绍"),
        (3, "官方网站"),
        (4, "百度推广"),
        (5, "360推广"),
        (6, "搜狗推广"),
        (7, "腾讯课堂"),
        (8, "广点通"),
        (9, "高校宣讲"),
        (10, "渠道代理"),
        (11, "51cto"),
        (12, "智汇推"),
        (13, "网盟"),
        (14, "DSP"),
        (15, "SEO"),
        (16, "其它"),
    ]
    source = models.SmallIntegerField('客户来源', choices=source_choices, default=1)
    referral_from = models.ForeignKey(
        'self',
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        verbose_name="转介绍自学员",
        help_text="若此客户是转介绍自内部学员,请在此处选择内部学员姓名",
        related_name="internal_referral"
    )
    course = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="咨询课程", to="Course")

    status_choices = [
        (1, "已报名"),
        (2, "未报名")
    ]
    status = models.IntegerField(
        verbose_name="状态",
        choices=status_choices,
        default=2,
        help_text=u"选择客户此时的状态"
    )

    consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="课程顾问", to='UserInfo', related_name='consultanter',limit_choices_to={'depart':1001})

    date = models.DateField(verbose_name="咨询日期", auto_now_add=True)
    recv_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="当前课程顾问的接单日期", null=True)
    last_consult_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="最后跟进日期", )

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class ConsultRecord(models.Model):
    """
    客户跟进记录
    """
    customer = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所咨询客户", to='Customer')
    consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="跟踪人", to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart':1001})
    date = models.DateField(verbose_name="跟进日期", auto_now_add=True)
    note = models.TextField(verbose_name="跟进内容...")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.customer.name + ":" + self.consultant.name

class Student(models.Model):
    """
    学生表（已报名）
    """
    customer = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name='客户信息', to='Customer')
    class_list = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="已报班级", to='ClassList', blank=True)

    emergency_contract = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='紧急联系人')
    company = models.CharField(verbose_name='公司', max_length=128, blank=True, null=True)
    location = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='所在区域', blank=True, null=True)
    position = models.CharField(verbose_name='岗位', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    salary = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='薪资', blank=True, null=True)
    welfare = models.CharField(verbose_name='福利', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    date = models.DateField(verbose_name='入职时间', help_text='格式yyyy-mm-dd', blank=True, null=True)
    memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='备注', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.customer.name

class ClassStudyRecord(models.Model):
    """
    上课记录表 （班级记录）
    """
    class_obj = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="班级", to="ClassList")
    day_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="节次", help_text=u"此处填写第几节课或第几天课程...,必须为数字")
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="讲师", to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart':1002})
    date = models.DateField(verbose_name="上课日期", auto_now_add=True)

    course_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节课程标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    course_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='本节课程内容概要', blank=True, null=True)
    has_homework = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="本节有作业")
    homework_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节作业标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    homework_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='作业描述', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True)
    exam = models.TextField(verbose_name='踩分点', max_length=300, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return "{0} day{1}".format(self.class_obj, self.day_num)

class StudentStudyRecord(models.Model):
    '''
    学生学习记录
    '''
    classstudyrecord = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="第几天课程", to="ClassStudyRecord")
    student = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="学员", to='Student')







    record_choices = (('checked', "已签到"),
                      ('vacate', "请假"),
                      ('late', "迟到"),
                      ('noshow', "缺勤"),
                      ('leave_early', "早退"),
                      )
    record = models.CharField("上课纪录", choices=record_choices, default="checked", max_length=64)
    score_choices = ((100, 'A+'),
                     (90, 'A'),
                     (85, 'B+'),
                     (80, 'B'),
                     (70, 'B-'),
                     (60, 'C+'),
                     (50, 'C'),
                     (40, 'C-'),
                     (0, ' D'),
                     (-1, 'N/A'),
                     (-100, 'COPY'),
                     (-1000, 'FAIL'),
                     )
    score = models.IntegerField("本节成绩", choices=score_choices, default=-1)
    homework_note = models.CharField(verbose_name='作业评语', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    note = models.CharField(verbose_name="备注", max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)

    homework = models.FileField(verbose_name='作业文件', blank=True, null=True, default=None)
    stu_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='学员备注', blank=True, null=True)
    date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='提交作业日期', auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return "{0}-{1}".format(self.classstudyrecord, self.student)
         
"""
chocies参数使用场景是非常广泛的
"""