MS SQL 模仿ORACLE的DESC

       前言： 在ORACLE数据库的SQL*PLUS里面有个DES(DESCRIBE)命令,它可以返回数据库所存储对象的描述,如下所示 

SQL> DESC STUDENT_SCORE

Name             Type       Nullable Default Comments

---------------- ---------- -------- ------- --------

STUDENT_NO       NUMBER(10)                  学号

CHINESE_SCORE    NUMBER     Y                语文成绩

ENGLISH_SCORE    NUMBER     Y                英语成绩

MATH_SOCRE       NUMBER     Y                数学成绩

PHYSICAL_SCORE   NUMBER     Y                物理成绩

SPORTS_SCORE     NUMBER     Y                体育成绩

CHEMICAL_SCORE   NUMBER     Y                化学成绩

BIOLOGICAL_SCORE NUMBER     Y                生物成绩

DESC可以获取表、视图等的字段名、字段类型、以及字段注释等信息。在开发过程中，这个命令非常实用，方便，也是使用频率比较高的命令，在MS SQL中没有这个命令，倒是有个sp_help命令，也比较方便，获取的信息甚至比DESC命令还多，但是它有个缺陷，不能获取字段的注释信息，有时候给你来一堆你不想关注的信息。下面我们我们来创建一个存储过程，模拟实现DESC命令的功能以及定制一些你想要的功能。希望这个存储过程能方便大家的工作。初版代码如下： 

sp_desc

1.    
2. SET ANSI_NULLS ON;
3. GO
4.  
5. SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
6. GO
7.  
8.   IF  EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects WHEREid=OBJECT_ID(N'sp_desc')
9.                       AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, 'IsProcedure') =1)
10.     DROP PROCEDURE sp_desc;
11. GO
12.  
13. --==================================================================================================
14. --            ProcedureName            :            sp_desc
15. --            Author                   :            Kerry
16. --            CreateDate               :            2013-05-13
17. --            Blog                     :            www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/
18. --            Description              :            模仿ORACLE的SQLPLUS命令DESC，并且参考sp_help相关
19. --                                                  增强功能
20. /***************************************************************************************************
21.         Parameters                    :             参数说明
22. ****************************************************************************************************
23.             @ObjName                  :            需要查看的对象名称，例如表名、视图等
24. ****************************************************************************************************
25.         Modified Date            Modified User     Version            Modified Reason
26. ****************************************************************************************************
27.        2013-05-19                Kerry             V01.00.01        增加Print信息，提示输出内容
28. ***************************************************************************************************/
29. --==================================================================================================
30. CREATE PROCEDURE sp_desc
31. (
32.     @ObjName        VARCHAR(32)
33. )
34. AS
35.  
36. SET NOCOUNT ON;
37.  
38. DECLARE @ObjectId        INT;
39. DECLARE @Sysobj_Type    CHAR(2);
40.  
41. IF @ObjName IS NULL
42.     BEGIN
43.         PRINT 'you must assign the parameter @ObjNam';
44.         
45.         RETURN 0;
46.     END
47.  
48.  
49. SELECT @ObjectId = object_id, @Sysobj_Type=type FROM sys.all_objects
50.     WHERE object_id =OBJECT_ID(@ObjName);
51.     
52. IF @Sysobj_Type ='U' AND @ObjectId > 0
53. BEGIN
54.     
55.                 
56.         SELECT N'************表的功能描述信息**********' AS N'表的功能描述信息';
57.         
58.         --表的功能描述信息
59.         SELECT    ISNULL(value, '麻烦补齐表的功能描述信息') AS Table_Desc
60.         FROM      sys.extended_properties
61.         WHERE     major_id = @ObjectId
62.             AND minor_id = 0
63.          
64.         SELECT N'************表结构基本信息************' AS N'表结构基本信息';
65.            
66.         --列出表结构的基本信息
67.         SELECT  C.Name AS Column_Nam ,
68.                 CASE WHEN T.Name = 'nvarchar'
69.                      THEN T.name + '(' + CAST(C.max_length / 2 AS VARCHAR) + ')'
70.                      ELSE T.name
71.                 END AS Data_Type ,
72.                 CASE WHEN C.Max_Length = -1 THEN 'Max'
73.                      ELSE CAST(C.Max_Length AS VARCHAR)
74.                 END AS Max_Length ,
75.                 C.Precision ,
76.                 C.Scale     ,
77.                 CASE WHEN C.is_nullable = 0 THEN '×'
78.                      ELSE '√'
79.                 END AS Is_Nullable ,
80.                 ISNULL(CAST(I.seed_value AS VARCHAR) + '-'
81.                        + CAST(I.increment_value AS VARCHAR), '') AS Is_Identity ,
82.                 ISNULL(M.text, '') AS Default_Value ,
83.                 ISNULL(P.value, '') AS Column_Comments
84.         FROM    sys.columns C
85.                 INNER JOIN sys.types T ON C.system_type_id = T.user_type_id
86.                 LEFT  JOIN dbo.syscomments M ON M.id = C.default_object_id
87.                 LEFT  JOIN sys.extended_properties P ON P.major_id = C.object_id
88.                                                         AND C.column_id = P.minor_id
89.                 LEFT  JOIN sys.identity_columns I ON I.column_id = C.column_id
90.                                                      AND C.object_id = I.object_id
91.         WHERE   C.[object_id] = @ObjectId
92.         ORDER BY C.Column_Id ASC;
93.         
94.         SELECT N'**********表约束基本信息************' AS N'表约束基本信息';
95.         
96.         --表的约束信息
97.           SELECT    name ,
98.                     type
99.           FROM      sys.objects
100.           WHERE     parent_object_id = @ObjectId
101.                     AND type IN( 'C ', 'PK', 'UQ', 'F ', 'D ' ) ;
102.         
103.         
104.         SELECT N'********表的索引基本信息********' AS N'表的索引基本信息';
105.         
106.           --±表的索引信息
107.           SELECT    i.index_id ,
108.                     i.data_space_id ,
109.                     i.name ,
110.                     CASE WHEN type = 0 THEN '堆'
111.                          WHEN type = 1 THEN '聚集索引'
112.                          WHEN type = 2 THEN '非聚集索引'
113.                          WHEN type = 3 THEN 'XML'
114.                          WHEN TYPE = 4 THEN '空间'
115.                     END AS [type] ,
116.                     i.ignore_dup_key ,
117.                     i.is_unique ,
118.                     i.is_hypothetical ,
119.                     i.is_primary_key ,
120.                     i.is_unique_constraint ,
121.                     s.auto_created ,
122.                     s.no_recompute
123.           FROM      sys.indexes i
124.                     JOIN sys.stats s ON i.object_id = s.object_id
125.                                         AND i.index_id = s.stats_id
126.           WHERE     i.object_id = @ObjectId;
127.   
128.           SELECT N'********索引包含那些字段********' AS '索引字段信息';
129.             
130.           SELECT  d.name, i.index_id, c.name
131.             FROM   sys.indexes d
132.                 INNER JOIN    sys.index_columns i ON d.object_id = i.object_id
133.                     LEFT JOIN sys.columns c ON i.object_id = c.object_id
134.                                                AND i.index_column_id = c.column_id
135.             WHERE   d.object_id = @ObjectId;
136.         
137.         
138.          SELECT N'********表的触发器基本信息********' AS N'触发器信息';
139.         --表的触发器信息
140.         
141.         SELECT  trigger_name = name ,
142.                 trigger_owner = USER_NAME(OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, 'ownerid')) ,
143.                 isupdate = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, 'ExecIsUpdateTrigger') ,
144.                 isdelete = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, 'ExecIsDeleteTrigger') ,
145.                 isinsert = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, 'ExecIsInsertTrigger') ,
146.                 isafter = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, 'ExecIsAfterTrigger') ,
147.                 isinsteadof = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, 'ExecIsInsteadOfTrigger') ,
148.                 trigger_schema = SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id)
149.         FROM      sys.objects
150.         WHERE     parent_object_id = @ObjectId
151.                 AND type IN( 'TR', 'TA' ) ;
152.     
153. END
154. ELSE IF @Sysobj_Type ='V' AND @ObjectId > 0
155. BEGIN
156.  
157.     SELECT N'*********视图的功能描述信息**********'  AS N'视图的功能描述信息';
158.     
159.     --视图的功能描述信息
160.     SELECT    ISNULL(value, N'麻烦补齐描述该视图功能的信息') AS View_Desc
161.     FROM      sys.extended_properties
162.     WHERE     major_id = @ObjectId
163.         AND minor_id = 0
164.             
165.     SELECT '*************视图基本信息*****************' AS N'视图基本信息';
166.     
167.     SELECT  C.Name AS Column_Nam ,
168.             CASE WHEN T.Name = 'nvarchar'
169.                  THEN T.name + '(' + CAST(C.max_length / 2 AS VARCHAR) + ')'
170.                  ELSE T.name
171.             END AS Data_Type ,
172.             CASE WHEN C.Max_Length = -1 THEN 'Max'
173.                  ELSE CAST(C.Max_Length AS VARCHAR)
174.             END AS Max_Length ,
175.             C.Precision ,
176.             C.Scale     ,
177.             CASE WHEN C.is_nullable = 0 THEN '×'
178.                  ELSE '√'
179.             END AS Is_Nullable ,
180.             ISNULL(CAST(I.seed_value AS VARCHAR) + '-'
181.                    + CAST(I.increment_value AS VARCHAR), '') AS Is_Identity ,
182.             ISNULL(M.text, '') AS Default_Value ,
183.             ISNULL(P.value, '') AS Column_Comments
184.     FROM    sys.columns C
185.             INNER JOIN sys.types T ON C.system_type_id = T.user_type_id
186.             LEFT  JOIN dbo.syscomments M ON M.id = C.default_object_id
187.             LEFT  JOIN sys.extended_properties P ON P.major_id = C.object_id
188.                                                     AND C.column_id = P.minor_id
189.             LEFT  JOIN sys.identity_columns I ON I.column_id = C.column_id
190.                                                  AND C.object_id = I.object_id
191.     WHERE   C.[object_id] = @ObjectId
192.     ORDER BY C.Column_Id ASC;
193.     
194.     SELECT '**********视图脚本***********' AS '视图脚本';
195.     
196.     EXEC sp_helptext @ObjName;
197.     
198.     
199. END
200. ELSE IF @Sysobj_Type ='P' AND @ObjectId > 0
201. BEGIN
202.     SELECT N'*********描述存储过程功能信息**********'  AS N'描述存储过程功能信息';
203.     
204.     --存储过程的功能描述信息
205.     SELECT    ISNULL(value, N'麻烦补齐描述该存储过程功能的信息') AS View_Desc
206.     FROM      sys.extended_properties
207.     WHERE     major_id = @ObjectId
208.         AND minor_id = 0;
209.         
210.     EXEC sp_help  @ObjName;
211. END
212.  
213. ELSE IF @Sysobj_Type IN('IF') AND @ObjectId > 0
214. BEGIN
215.  
216.         SELECT N'*********描述自定义函数功能信息**********'  AS N'描述自定义函数功能信息';
217.     
218.         --描述自定义函数功能信息
219.         SELECT    ISNULL(value, N'麻烦补齐描述该自定义函数功能的信息') AS View_Desc
220.         FROM      sys.extended_properties
221.         WHERE     major_id = @ObjectId
222.             AND minor_id = 0;
223.         
224.         
225.         SELECT  'Name' = o.name ,
226.                 'Owner' = USER_NAME(OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, 'ownerid')) ,
227.                 'Object_type' = SUBSTRING(v.name, 5, 31)
228.         FROM    sys.all_objects o ,
229.                 master.dbo.spt_values v
230.         WHERE  o.object_id =@ObjectId AND  o.type = SUBSTRING(v.name, 1, 2) COLLATE database_default
231.                 AND v.type = 'O9T'
232.         ORDER BY [Owner] ASC ,
233.                 Object_type DESC ,
234.                 Name ASC
235. END
236.  
237. GO

接下来，我们新建一张表来看看效果如何，视图，存储过程、自定义函数就不大战篇幅去展示了，一个例子就OK了，有兴趣的，自己试试

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO


IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE id=OBJECT_ID(N'Employee') AND type='U')

    DROP TABLE dbo.Employee;

GO

CREATE TABLE Employee

(

    Employee_ID          INT  IDENTITY(1,1) ,
    Employee_Name        NVARCHAR(12)        ,
    Sex                     SMALLINT DEFAULT(1),
    Department_ID         INT                ,
    Salary                 FLOAT                ,
    WorkYear             INT                ,
    CONSTRAINT PK_Employee PRIMARY KEY(Employee_ID)

);

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'员工编号' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Employee', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Employee_ID'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'员工姓名' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Employee', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Employee_Name'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'性别' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Employee', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Sex'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'部门编号' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Employee', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Department_ID'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'薪水' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Employee', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Salary'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'工龄' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Employee', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'WorkYear'
GO


EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'员工信息表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Employee'


CREATE TRIGGER TR_Employee_Salary ON Employee
 AFTER INSERT
AS

DECLARE @Salary FLOAT;

    SELECT @Salary = Salary FROM INSERTED;

 IF (@Salary < 0)
    BEGIN
        RAISERROR('The Salary  Small than 0 ',10,1);
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;

    END

GO


CREATE VIEW V_Employee
AS
    SELECT Employee_ID, Employee_Name, WorkYear FROM Employee

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'员工信息表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'VIEW',@level1name=N'V_Employee'



EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'给用户批量赋权限的存储过程' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'PROCEDURE',@level1name=N'sp_authorize_right'

执行存储过程，你可以获取表Employee的基本信息了，如下所示