• SpringBoot 默认json解析器详解和字段序列化自定义


    前言

    在我们开发项目API接口的时候,一些没有数据的字段会默认返回NULL,数字类型也会是NULL,这个时候前端希望字符串能够统一返回空字符,数字默认返回0,那我们就需要自定义json序列化处理

    SpringBoot默认的json解析方案

    我们知道在springboot中有默认的json解析器,Spring Boot 中默认使用的 Json 解析技术框架是 jackson。我们点开 pom.xml 中的 spring-boot-starter-web 依赖,可以看到一个 spring-boot-starter-json 依赖:

     <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
          <version>2.4.7</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    

    Spring Boot 中对依赖都做了很好的封装,可以看到很多 spring-boot-starter-xxx 系列的依赖,这是 Spring Boot 的特点之一,不需要人为去引入很多相关的依赖了,starter-xxx 系列直接都包含了所必要的依赖,所以我们再次点进去上面这个 spring-boot-starter-json 依赖,可以看到:

     <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
          <version>2.11.4</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jdk8</artifactId>
          <version>2.11.4</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
          <version>2.11.4</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
          <version>2.11.4</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    

    我们在controller中返回json时候通过注解@ResponseBody就可以自动帮我们将服务端返回的对象序列化成json字符串,在传递json body参数时候 通过在对象参数上@RequestBody注解就可以自动帮我们将前端传过来的json字符串反序列化成java对象

    这些功能都是通过HttpMessageConverter这个消息转换工具类来实现的

    SpringMVC自动配置了JacksonGson的HttpMessageConverter,SpringBoot对此做了自动化配置

    JacksonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.JacksonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration

    	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    	@ConditionalOnClass(ObjectMapper.class)
    	@ConditionalOnBean(ObjectMapper.class)
    	@ConditionalOnProperty(name = HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration.PREFERRED_MAPPER_PROPERTY,
    			havingValue = "jackson", matchIfMissing = true)
    	static class MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverterConfiguration {
    
    		@Bean
    		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class,
    				ignoredType = {
    						"org.springframework.hateoas.server.mvc.TypeConstrainedMappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter",
    						"org.springframework.data.rest.webmvc.alps.AlpsJsonHttpMessageConverter" })
    		MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
    			return new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(objectMapper);
    		}
    
    	}
    
    

    JacksonAutoConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration

    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    	@ConditionalOnClass(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.class)
    	static class JacksonObjectMapperConfiguration {
    
    		@Bean
    		@Primary
    		@ConditionalOnMissingBean
    		ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
    			return builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
    		}
    
    	}
    
    

    Gson的自动化配置类

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.GsonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration

    	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    	@ConditionalOnBean(Gson.class)
    	@Conditional(PreferGsonOrJacksonAndJsonbUnavailableCondition.class)
    	static class GsonHttpMessageConverterConfiguration {
    
    		@Bean
    		@ConditionalOnMissingBean
    		GsonHttpMessageConverter gsonHttpMessageConverter(Gson gson) {
    			GsonHttpMessageConverter converter = new GsonHttpMessageConverter();
    			converter.setGson(gson);
    			return converter;
    		}
    
    	}
    
    

    自定义SprinBoot的JSON解析

    日期格式解析

    默认返回的是时间戳类型格式,但是时间戳会少一天需要在数据库连接url上加上时区如:

    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:p6spy:mysql://47.100.78.146:3306/mall?zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&autoReconnect=true
    
    
    1. 使用@JsonFormat注解自定义格式
    	@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
        private Date birthday;
    

    但是这种要对每个实体类中的日期字段都需要添加此注解不够灵活

    1. 全局添加
      在配置文件中直接添加spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd

    NULL字段不返回

    1. 在接口中如果不需要返回null字段可以使用@JsonInclude注解
        @JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
        private String title;
    

    但是这种要对每个实体类中的字段都需要添加此注解不够灵活

    1. 全局添加 在配置文件中直接添加spring.jackson.default-property-inclusion=non_null

    自定义字段序列化

    自定义null字符串类型字段返回空字符NullStringJsonSerializer序列化

    public class NullStringJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer {
        @Override
        public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
            if (o == null) {
                jsonGenerator.writeString("");
            }
        }
    }
    

    自定义null数字类型字段返回0默认值NullIntegerJsonSerializer序列化

    public class NullIntegerJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer {
        @Override
        public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
            if (o == null) {
                jsonGenerator.writeNumber(0);
            }
        }
    }
    

    自定义浮点小数类型4舍5入保留2位小数DoubleJsonSerialize序列化

    public class DoubleJsonSerialize extends JsonSerializer {
        private DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("##.00");
    
        @Override
        public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
            if (value != null) {
                jsonGenerator.writeString(NumberUtil.roundStr(value.toString(), 2));
            }else{
                jsonGenerator.writeString("0.00");
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    

    自定义NullArrayJsonSerializer序列化

    public class NullArrayJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer {
    
    
        @Override
        public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
            if(o==null){
                jsonGenerator.writeStartArray();
            }else {
                jsonGenerator.writeObject(o);
            }
        }
    }
    

    自定义BeanSerializerModifier使用我们自己的序列化器进行bean序列化

    public class MyBeanSerializerModifier extends BeanSerializerModifier {
    
        private JsonSerializer _nullArrayJsonSerializer = new NullArrayJsonSerializer();
    
        private JsonSerializer _nullStringJsonSerializer = new NullStringJsonSerializer();
    
        private JsonSerializer _nullIntegerJsonSerializer = new NullIntegerJsonSerializer();
    
        private JsonSerializer _doubleJsonSerializer = new DoubleJsonSerialize();
    
        @Override
        public List changeProperties(SerializationConfig config, BeanDescription beanDesc,
                                     List beanProperties) { // 循环所有的beanPropertyWriter
            for (int i = 0; i < beanProperties.size(); i++) {
                BeanPropertyWriter writer = (BeanPropertyWriter) beanProperties.get(i);
                // 判断字段的类型,如果是array,list,set则注册nullSerializer
                if (isArrayType(writer)) { //给writer注册一个自己的nullSerializer
                    writer.assignNullSerializer(this.defaultNullArrayJsonSerializer());
                }
                if (isStringType(writer)) {
                    writer.assignNullSerializer(this.defaultNullStringJsonSerializer());
                }
                if (isIntegerType(writer)) {
                    writer.assignNullSerializer(this.defaultNullIntegerJsonSerializer());
                }
                if (isDoubleType(writer)) {
                    writer.assignSerializer(this.defaultDoubleJsonSerializer());
                }
            }
            return beanProperties;
        } // 判断是什么类型
    
        protected boolean isArrayType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
            Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
            return clazz.isArray() || clazz.equals(List.class) || clazz.equals(Set.class);
        }
    
        protected boolean isStringType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
            Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
            return clazz.equals(String.class);
        }
    
        protected boolean isIntegerType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
            Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
            return clazz.equals(Integer.class) || clazz.equals(int.class) || clazz.equals(Long.class);
        }
    
        protected boolean isDoubleType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
            Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
            return clazz.equals(Double.class) || clazz.equals(BigDecimal.class);
        }
    
    
        protected JsonSerializer defaultNullArrayJsonSerializer() {
            return _nullArrayJsonSerializer;
        }
    
        protected JsonSerializer defaultNullStringJsonSerializer() {
            return _nullStringJsonSerializer;
        }
    
        protected JsonSerializer defaultNullIntegerJsonSerializer() {
            return _nullIntegerJsonSerializer;
        }
    
        protected JsonSerializer defaultDoubleJsonSerializer() {
            return _doubleJsonSerializer;
        }
    }
    

    应用我们自己bean序列化使其生效 提供MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter类
    在配置类中提供MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter类,使用ObjectMapper 做全局的序列化

    @Configuration
    public class ClassJsonConfiguration {
        @Bean
        public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter() {
            final MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
    
            ObjectMapper mapper = converter.getObjectMapper();
    
            // 为mapper注册一个带有SerializerModifier的Factory,此modifier主要做的事情为:判断序列化类型,根据类型指定为null时的值
    
            mapper.setSerializerFactory(mapper.getSerializerFactory().withSerializerModifier(new MyBeanSerializerModifier()));
    
            return converter;
        }
    }
    

    此类会代替SpringBoot默认的json解析方案。事实上,此类中起作用的是ObjectMapper 类,因此也可直接配置此类。

     @Bean
        public ObjectMapper om() {
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            // 为mapper注册一个带有SerializerModifier的Factory,此modifier主要做的事情为:判断序列化类型,根据类型指定为null时的值
    
            mapper.setSerializerFactory(mapper.getSerializerFactory().withSerializerModifier(new MyBeanSerializerModifier()));
            return mapper;
        }
    

    通过上面方式自定义序列化,还可以通过注解 @JsonSerialize序列化自定义如:

    @Component
    public class DoubleSerialize extends JsonSerializer<Double> {
     
        private DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("##.00");  
     
        @Override
        public void serialize(Double value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider serializers)
                throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
            if(value != null) {
                gen.writeString(df.format(value));  
            }
        }
    }
    

    然后再需要使用字段上面加上

     @JsonSerialize(using = DoubleJsonSerialize.class)
        private BigDecimal price;
    
    

    配置文件jackson详细配置

      spring:
        jackson:
          # 设置属性命名策略,对应jackson下PropertyNamingStrategy中的常量值,SNAKE_CASE-返回的json驼峰式转下划线,json body下划线传到后端自动转驼峰式
          property-naming-strategy: SNAKE_CASE
          # 全局设置@JsonFormat的格式pattern
          date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
          # 当地时区
          locale: zh
          # 设置全局时区
          time-zone: GMT+8
          # 常用,全局设置pojo或被@JsonInclude注解的属性的序列化方式
          default-property-inclusion: NON_NULL #不为空的属性才会序列化,具体属性可看JsonInclude.Include
          # 常规默认,枚举类SerializationFeature中的枚举属性为key,值为boolean设置jackson序列化特性,具体key请看SerializationFeature源码
          serialization:
            WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS: true # 返回的java.util.date转换成timestamp
            FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS: true # 对象为空时是否报错,默认true
          # 枚举类DeserializationFeature中的枚举属性为key,值为boolean设置jackson反序列化特性,具体key请看DeserializationFeature源码
          deserialization:
            # 常用,json中含pojo不存在属性时是否失败报错,默认true
            FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES: false
          # 枚举类MapperFeature中的枚举属性为key,值为boolean设置jackson ObjectMapper特性
          # ObjectMapper在jackson中负责json的读写、json与pojo的互转、json tree的互转,具体特性请看MapperFeature,常规默认即可
          mapper:
            # 使用getter取代setter探测属性,如类中含getName()但不包含name属性与setName(),传输的vo json格式模板中依旧含name属性
            USE_GETTERS_AS_SETTERS: true #默认false
          # 枚举类JsonParser.Feature枚举类中的枚举属性为key,值为boolean设置jackson JsonParser特性
          # JsonParser在jackson中负责json内容的读取,具体特性请看JsonParser.Feature,一般无需设置默认即可
          parser:
            ALLOW_SINGLE_QUOTES: true # 是否允许出现单引号,默认false
          # 枚举类JsonGenerator.Feature枚举类中的枚举属性为key,值为boolean设置jackson JsonGenerator特性,一般无需设置默认即可
          # JsonGenerator在jackson中负责编写json内容,具体特性请看JsonGenerator.Feature
     
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kenx/p/15100589.html
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