Entity Framework with MySQL 学习笔记一(insert,update,delete)

先说说 insert 吧.

当EF执行insert时，如果我们传入的对象是有关联(1对多等)的话，它会执行多个语句 insert到多个表，

并且再select出来填充我们的属性(因为有些column默认值是sql设定的，比如id等，我们insert后要有最新的数据丫).

using (EFDB db = new EFDB())
{              
    db.prods.Add(new Prod
    {
        code = "mk100",
        name = "name",
        detail = new ProdDetail //1对1关系当 prod_detail table
        {
            fullDescription = "des"
        }
    });               
    db.SaveChanges();
}

Opened connection at 2014/9/28 15:33:53 +08:00
Started transaction at 2014/9/28 15:33:53 +08:00
SET SESSION sql_mode='ANSI';INSERT INTO `prod`(
`code`, 
`name`) VALUES (
@gp1, 
@gp2);
SELECT
`id`
FROM `prod`
 WHERE  row_count() > 0 AND `id`=last_insert_id()
-- @gp1: 'mk100' (Type = String, IsNullable = false, Size = 5)
-- @gp2: 'name' (Type = String, IsNullable = false, Size = 4)
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 15:33:53 +08:00
-- Completed in 13 ms with result: EFMySqlDataReader

INSERT INTO `prod_detail`(
`prod_id`, 
`id`, 
`fullDescription`) VALUES (
7, 
0, 
@gp1)
-- @gp1: 'des' (Type = String, IsNullable = false, Size = 3)
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 15:33:53 +08:00
-- Completed in 15 ms with result: 1

Committed transaction at 2014/9/28 15:33:53 +08:00
Closed connection at 2014/9/28 15:33:53 +08:00
Disposed transaction at 2014/9/28 15:33:53 +08:00

delete 的话也有类似的情况，如果是关联的话，它也会执行多个语句去删除多个表，delete必须先把要洗掉的行select出来(这个似乎不太好...)

如果关联的数据是null,就不会去delete了，比如下面没有使用Include的话(虽然pk是有的，但是detail对象是Null)

WillCascadeOnDelete - Enabling Cascade Delete (级联删除) <-- 目前不清楚这样设置

using (EFDB db = new EFDB())
{
    //db.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false;             
    db.prods.RemoveRange(db.prods.Where(p => p.id == 7).Include(p => p.detail)); //用include把关联select出来
    db.SaveChanges();
}

Opened connection at 2014/9/28 15:43:01 +08:00
SELECT
`Extent1`.`id`, 
`Extent1`.`code`, 
`Extent1`.`name`, 
`Extent2`.`prod_id`, 
`Extent2`.`id` AS `id1`, 
`Extent2`.`fullDescription`
FROM `prod` AS `Extent1` LEFT OUTER JOIN `prod_detail` AS `Extent2` ON `Extent1`.`id` = `Extent2`.`prod_id`
 WHERE 7 = `Extent1`.`id`
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 15:43:01 +08:00
-- Completed in 14 ms with result: EFMySqlDataReader

Closed connection at 2014/9/28 15:43:01 +08:00
Opened connection at 2014/9/28 15:43:02 +08:00
Started transaction at 2014/9/28 15:43:02 +08:00
DELETE FROM `prod_detail` WHERE `prod_id` = 7
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 15:43:02 +08:00
-- Completed in 13 ms with result: 1

DELETE FROM `prod` WHERE `id` = 7
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 15:43:02 +08:00
-- Completed in 12 ms with result: 1

Committed transaction at 2014/9/28 15:43:02 +08:00
Closed connection at 2014/9/28 15:43:02 +08:00
Disposed transaction at 2014/9/28 15:43:02 +08:00

如果想删除 n-n 关系的rows 

    Room room = db.rooms.Where(r => r.id == 6).Include(r => r.imgs).Include(r => r.facilities).FirstOrDefault();                
    var facility = room.facilities.First();
    //db.Entry(facility).State = EntityState.Deleted; 这样不行哦！
    room.facilities.Remove(facility);  //关键 : 要这样！             
    db.SaveChanges();

update 也是先select出来，然后EF会再saveChange时对比之前的值然后生成语句update 

using (EFDB db = new EFDB())
{
    //db.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false;
    var prod = db.prods.Where(p => p.id == 3).FirstOrDefault();
    prod.name = "change";
    db.SaveChanges();
}

Opened connection at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
SELECT
`Extent1`.`id`, 
`Extent1`.`code`, 
`Extent1`.`name`
FROM `prod` AS `Extent1`
 WHERE 3 = `Extent1`.`id` LIMIT 1
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
-- Completed in 11 ms with result: EFMySqlDataReader

Closed connection at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
Opened connection at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
Started transaction at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
UPDATE `prod` SET `name`=@gp1 WHERE `id` = 3
-- @gp1: 'change' (Type = String, IsNullable = false, Size = 6)
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
-- Completed in 11 ms with result: 1

Committed transaction at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
Closed connection at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00
Disposed transaction at 2014/9/28 15:46:09 +08:00

EF 6 默认情况会使用 Transaction 的.

比如当我们对实体做了很多修改，最后调用saveChange().EF会开启Transaction然后执行多个语句，如果其中一个语句有问题，就会rollBack

需要注意的是，每一次saveChange都会开启和关闭一次 tansaction ，所以如果你调用多次的话，自己要搞清楚

using (EFDB db = new EFDB())
{
    //db.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false;
    var prod = db.prods.Where(p => p.id == 3).Include(p => p.detail).FirstOrDefault();
    prod.name = "change22";
    db.SaveChanges();
    prod.detail.fullDescription = "zzz";
    db.SaveChanges();
}

Opened connection at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
Started transaction at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
UPDATE `prod` SET `name`=@gp1 WHERE `id` = 3
-- @gp1: 'change22' (Type = String, IsNullable = false, Size = 8)
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
-- Completed in 13 ms with result: 1

Committed transaction at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
Closed connection at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
Disposed transaction at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
Opened connection at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
Started transaction at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
UPDATE `prod_detail` SET `fullDescription`=@gp1 WHERE `prod_id` = 3
-- @gp1: 'zzz' (Type = String, IsNullable = false, Size = 3)
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
-- Completed in 12 ms with result: 1

Committed transaction at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
Closed connection at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00
Disposed transaction at 2014/9/28 16:14:19 +08:00

还有一种方式是，让我们自己来控制

using (EFDB db = new EFDB())
{
    using (var trans = db.Database.BeginTransaction())
    {
        try
        {
            //db.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false;
            var prod = db.prods.Where(p => p.id == 3).Include(p => p.detail).FirstOrDefault();
            prod.name = "xx1234";
            db.SaveChanges();
            prod.detail.fullDescription = "123";
            throw new Exception("x"); //即使这里有问题，上一个saveChange也能rollBack
            db.SaveChanges();
            trans.Commit();
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            if(trans.UnderlyingTransaction.Connection != null) trans.Rollback(); //检查确保还没有被 rocllback 或者 commit rollback 2 次是会error的
        }
    }
}

Opened connection at 2014/9/28 16:16:06 +08:00
Started transaction at 2014/9/28 16:16:06 +08:00
SELECT
`Extent1`.`id`, 
`Extent1`.`code`, 
`Extent1`.`name`, 
`Extent2`.`prod_id`, 
`Extent2`.`id` AS `id1`, 
`Extent2`.`fullDescription`
FROM `prod` AS `Extent1` LEFT OUTER JOIN `prod_detail` AS `Extent2` ON `Extent1`.`id` = `Extent2`.`prod_id`
 WHERE 3 = `Extent1`.`id` LIMIT 1
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 16:16:06 +08:00
-- Completed in 12 ms with result: EFMySqlDataReader

UPDATE `prod` SET `name`=@gp1 WHERE `id` = 3
-- @gp1: 'xx12234' (Type = String, IsNullable = false, Size = 7)
-- Executing at 2014/9/28 16:16:07 +08:00
-- Completed in 11 ms with result: 1

Rolled back transaction at 2014/9/28 16:16:07 +08:00
Disposed transaction at 2014/9/28 16:16:07 +08:00
Closed connection at 2014/9/28 16:16:07 +08:00

这里补个优化删除，如果只是要删除一条row,而且知道这个row的id，那么就可以这样.

要注意如果sql被改过，比如这id已经被删除，会报错哦。

    var address = new Address { addressId = 9 }; //放id
    db.addresss.Attach(address); //用Attach
    db.addresss.Remove(address); //remove
    db.SaveChanges();

删除时我们也可以直接发SQL COMMAND, 因为delete语句比较通俗规范副作用比较少，不然EF不建议我们自己写Command的.

using (DB db = new DB())
{
    int x = db.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from daily_room where id ={0}", 21);
}  

继承类删除 : db.parents.remove(child | parent); 这样parent 和 child 都会一起被删除的.

db.SaveChanges()是通过肮数据监测实现的，一个实体有3个值 : database value, original value, current value
有几种state :
detached = 1 //如果obj并非是under entity的，那么将是detached状态
unchanged = 2 //default 
added = 4 //if don havedatabase value
deleted = 8 //if don have current value 
modified = 16 //if current value != original base on 不同状态

(下面是我自己的经验，没有参考过源码)
当一个实体是detached时代表它是普通对象(可能是从json转换来的), 这里普通对象的意思是它没有进入 entity 的作用域内 (不要以为一个class有[key],[foreign key])标签 new 出来就是entity对象哦)
我们可以通过 attach 把一个普通对象添加进entity 作用域内
这个attach其实就调用了 db.Entry(p).State = EntityState.Unchanged; 
对一个detached设置state时，不同的state是不同的. 
set to add , 子层的state也是add  (但是如果你先set to unchanged ，在set to add , 子层将会是 unchanged哦)
set to unchanged , 子层也是unchanged
set to modified , 子层是 unchanged
set to deleted , 子层的值会被删除
如果entity set to modified , 它的所有属性的都会set to isModified
如果其中一个attr set to isModified , entity state 会变成 modified 
要set attr 的 ismodified ，实体必须在作用域先。
所以通常做法是 : 
一个obj set to modified. 子层不用管(除非你要更新等), 哪一些不要update的，set attr ismodified to false
在 attach 时，如果 foreign id 和 子层obj id 不 match ,会报错! 
在 saveChanges 时，foreign id 和 子层 obj id 不match 是不会报错的哦.
p.s attach时也是要注意, EF作用域内不可以有相同 Key 的实体哦
如果attach之后，我们必须自己来控制好外键对象和外键值，EF会用跟踪改变来判断最后使用外键值还是外键对象的id来更新数据库，最后在match它们。
obj id 优先于 foreign id 哦
一个错误的例子是 attach之后，我们先修改外键对象去一个(id =5 )的对象，然后我们在修改外键值去 (id = 6), EF会用6作为更新，然后在把外键对象变成 null.
所以不要同时修改2个，很危险. 
在做项目的时候，想要替换外键，就不要把外键对象传上来，不然就error了.除非你能一起传新的外键对象。

    var obj = new SingleTable
    {
        data = "12345",
        id = 1
    };
    db.SingleTables.Attach(obj); //attach 进entity上下文
    db.Entry(obj).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Modified; 
    db.Entry(obj).Property("data").IsModified = true; //如果只是想修改一些属性罢了的话  
    db.Entry(obj).Property(o => o.data).IsModified = true;
    db.saveChanges();

    //顺便提一下 : Entry 还可以控制 database value, original value, current value哦
    //db.Entry(obj).CurrentValues.SetValues("x"); 
    //db.Entry(obj).OriginalValues.SetValues("x");

 db.Entry(obj).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Modified;

 (一次过把所有属性的 isModified set to true (不包括层级对象) , 之后我们也可以单独 set 某些属性回到 false 如果不希望修改)

更新 by detached object 

大多时候我们的对象是来自前台的json 

一个不再entity context 内的对象，我们称为 detached object (即你用entry会得到state是detached)

    using (EFDB db = new EFDB())
    {
        SingleTable sqlObject = db.SingleTables.Find(detachObject.id); //先从sql获取原本的数据
        if (sqlObject == null) //如果没有的话 maybe insert or 不处理
        {
            db.SingleTables.Add(detachObject);
        }
        else
        {
            //透过 entry 设置一个新的value对象进去，那么它在save的时候会dirty check, 如果有modified的它会更新. 
            var entry = db.Entry(sqlObject); //修改sqlObject的current values
            entry.CurrentValues.SetValues(detachObject); //它会dirty. 如果对象中有 array 忽略(skip,当作没看到，完全不处理), object会=null,but complex is ok 
        }
        db.SaveChanges();
    }

 补充insert:

var employer = db.employers.FirstOrDefault(ee => ee.id == 22);
var company = new Company
{
    name = "22",
    addressComplex = new addressComplex()
    //不需要写 foreign id or obj 没关系
};
employer.companys = new List<Company> //也不需要include出来
{
    company
};                
await db.mySaveChangesAsync(); //不需要使用db.companys.add, 最后依然可以insert进去sql

可以看得出来，EF的检查还是挺好用的。

补充 update : 

//get and update 
var FAQSQL = await db.FAQs.FindAsync(id);
db.Entry(FAQSQL).CurrentValues.SetValues(FAQ);
db.Entry(FAQSQL).OriginalValues["rowVersion"] = FAQ.rowVersion;

//direct update 
FAQ.id = id;
db.Entry(FAQ).State = EntityState.Modified;

get and update 会导致请求多一次，一般情况下是不推荐使用的，但是很多时候由于要兼顾权限管理，我们依然必须使用这个方式，而在使用SetValues的时候rowVersion是不会被更新的，所以我们必须要自己写入

rowVersion 来防止并发。

direct update 就不需要担心并发问题了，但是对权限管理就不行了。

补充 foreign key 

如果 foreign obj.id 和 foreign id 不同，saveChange 会用foreign obj.id 然后foreign id 会被刷新掉

更新 2015-11-07:

常用 :

DbContextTransaction trans = null;
trans = DB.Sharing.beginTransaction();
DB.Sharing.commitTransaction(trans);
DB.Sharing.rollBackTansaction();