生产端：Windows 2008 + Oracle 10.2.0.5
测试端：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4
需求：因为Oracle跨越大版本，优化器、新特性变动较多，需要进行SPA测试比对前后期性能差异。
说明：本文是根据DBA Travel的SPA参考规范文档（在此致谢Travel同学），结合实际某客户需求整理的整个测试过程。为了更真实的反映整个过程，在生产端使用swingbench压力测试软件持续运行了一段时间，模拟真实的业务压力。
1.SPA测试流程
为了尽可能的减小对正式生产库的性能影响，本次SPA测试只是从AWR资料库中的SQL数据转化而来的SQL Tuning Set进行整体的SQL性能测试。本次SPA测试主要分为以下几个步骤：
在生产库端：
- 环境准备：创建SPA测试专用用户
- 采集数据：
a) 在生产库转化AWR中SQL为SQL Tuning Set
b) 在生产库从现有SQL Tuning Set提取SQL- 导出数据：打包(pack)转化后的SQL Tuning Set，并导出传输到测试服务器
在测试库端：
4. 环境准备：创建SPA测试专用用户
5. 测试准备：导入SQL Tuning Set表，并解包(unpack)，创建SPA分析任务
6. 前期性能：从SQL Tuning Set中转化得出10g的性能Trail
7. 后期性能：在11g测试数据库中执行SQL Tuning Set中SQL，生成11g性能Trail
8. 对比分析：执行对比分析任务，分别按执行时间，CPU时间和逻辑读三个维度进行
9. 汇总报告：取出对比报告，对每个维度分别取出All，Unsupport，Error 3类报告总结报告：
10. 总结报告：分析汇总报告，优化其中的性能下降SQL，编写SPA测试报告
2.SPA操作流程
2.1 本文使用的命名规划
类型 规划
SQLSET ORCL_SQLSET_201806
Analysis Task SPA_TASK_201806
STGTAB ORCL_STSTAB_201806
Dmpfile ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp
2.2 生产端：环境准备
conn / as sysdba
CREATE USER SPA IDENTIFIED BY SPA DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSAUX;
GRANT DBA TO SPA;
GRANT ADVISOR TO SPA;
GRANT SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO SPA;
GRANT ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET TO SPA;
2.3 生产端：采集数据
1). 获取AWR快照的边界ID
SET LINES 188 PAGES 1000
COL SNAP_TIME FOR A22
COL MIN_ID NEW_VALUE MINID
COL MAX_ID NEW_VALUE MAXID
SELECT MIN(SNAP_ID) MIN_ID, MAX(SNAP_ID) MAX_ID
FROM DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT
WHERE END_INTERVAL_TIME > trunc(sysdate)-10
ORDER BY 1;
2). 创建SQL Set
--连接用户
conn SPA/SPA
--如果之前有这个SQLSET的名字，可以这样删除
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.DROP_SQLSET (SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA');
--新建SQLSET：ORCL_SQLSET_201806
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_SQLSET ( -
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
DESCRIPTION => 'SQL Set Create at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA');
3). 转化AWR数据中的SQL数据，将其中的SQL载入到SQL Set中
DECLARE
SQLSET_CUR DBMS_SQLTUNE.SQLSET_CURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN SQLSET_CUR FOR
SELECT VALUE(P) FROM TABLE(
DBMS_SQLTUNE.SELECT_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY( 16, 24,
'PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN (''SYS'', ''SYSTEM'')',
NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1, NULL, 'ALL')) P;
DBMS_SQLTUNE.LOAD_SQLSET(
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806',
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA',
POPULATE_CURSOR => SQLSET_CUR,
LOAD_OPTION => 'MERGE',
UPDATE_OPTION => 'ACCUMULATE');
CLOSE SQLSET_CUR;
END;
/
4). 打包SQL Set
DROP TABLE SPA.JYZHAO_SQLSETTAB_20180106;
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_STGTAB_SQLSET ('ORCL_STSTAB_201806', 'SPA', 'SYSAUX');
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.PACK_STGTAB_SQLSET ( -
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA', -
STAGING_TABLE_NAME => 'ORCL_STSTAB_201806', -
STAGING_SCHEMA_OWNER => 'SPA');
2.4 生产端：导出数据
1). 在操作系统中，导出打包后的SQL Set数据
cat > ./export_sqlset_201806.par <<EOF
USERID='SPA/SPA'
FILE=ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp
LOG=exp_spa_sqlset_201806.log
TABLES=ORCL_STSTAB_201806
DIRECT=N
BUFFER=10240000
STATISTICS=NONE
EOF
注意：这里DIRECT=Y参数在遇到问题后尝试改为了DIRECT=N，默认也是N。
set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.US7ASCII
exp PARFILE=export_sqlset_201806.par
注意：NLS_LANG变量是Oracle的变量，设置字符集和数据库字符集一致，避免发生错误转换。
2). 将导出后的Dump文件传输到测试服务器
将 ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp 传输到 目标服务器 /orabak/spa下。
2.5 测试端：环境准备
conn / as sysdba
CREATE USER SPA IDENTIFIED BY SPA DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSAUX;
GRANT DBA TO SPA;
GRANT ADVISOR TO SPA;
GRANT SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO SPA;
GRANT ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET TO SPA;
2.6 测试端：测试准备
在进行SPA测试前需要准备测试环境，包括导入生产库中的SQL Set，对其进行解包(unpack)操作，并创建SPA分析任务。
1). 在操作系统中，执行导入命令，导入SQL Set表
cat > ./import_sqlset_201806.par <<EOF
USERID='SPA/SPA'
FILE=ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp
LOG=imp_spa_sqlset_201806.log
FULL=Y
EOF
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.US7ASCII
imp PARFILE=import_sqlset_201806.par
2). 解包(unpack)SQL Set
conn SPA/SPA
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.UNPACK_STGTAB_SQLSET (-
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA', -
REPLACE => TRUE, -
STAGING_TABLE_NAME => 'ORCL_STSTAB_201806', -
STAGING_SCHEMA_OWNER => 'SPA');
3). 创建SPA分析任务
VARIABLE SPA_TASK VARCHAR2(64);
EXEC :SPA_TASK := DBMS_SQLPA.CREATE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
DESCRIPTION => 'SPA Analysis task at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), -
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA');
2.7 测试端：前期性能
在测试服务器中，可以直接从SQL Tuning Set中转化得到所有SQL在10g数据库中的执行效率，得到10g中的SQL Trail。
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'EXEC_10G_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'CONVERT SQLSET', -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Convert 10g SQLSET for SPA Task at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
2.8 测试端：后期性能
在测试服务器（运行11g数据库）中，需要在本地数据库（11g）测试运行SQL Tuning Set中的SQL语句，分析所有语句在11g环境中的执行效率，得到11g中的SQL Trail。
vi spa2.sh
echo "WARNING: SPA2 Start @`date`"
sqlplus SPA/SPA << EOF!
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'EXEC_11G_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'TEST EXECUTE', -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Execute SQL in 11g for SPA Task at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
exit
EOF!
echo "WARNING:SPA2 OK @`date`"
nohup sh spa2.sh &
**2.9 测试端：性能对比 **
得到两次SQL Trail之后，可以对比两次Trial之间的SQL执行性能，可以从不同的维度对两次Trail中的所有SQL进行对比分析，主要关注的维度有：SQL执行时间，SQL执行的CPU时间，SQL执行的逻辑读。
1). 对比两次Trail中的SQL执行时间
conn SPA/SPA
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'COMPARE_ET_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'COMPARE PERFORMANCE', -
EXECUTION_PARAMS => DBMS_ADVISOR.ARGLIST( -
'COMPARISON_METRIC', 'ELAPSED_TIME', -
'EXECUTE_FULLDML', 'TRUE', -
'EXECUTION_NAME1','EXEC_10G_201806', -
'EXECUTION_NAME2','EXEC_11G_201806'), -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Compare SQLs between 10g and 11g at :'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
2). 对比两次Trail中的SQL执行的CPU时间
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'COMPARE_CT_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'COMPARE PERFORMANCE', -
EXECUTION_PARAMS => DBMS_ADVISOR.ARGLIST( -
'COMPARISON_METRIC', 'CPU_TIME', -
'EXECUTION_NAME1','EXEC_10G_201806', -
'EXECUTION_NAME2','EXEC_11G_201806'), -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Compare SQLs between 10g and 11g at :'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
3). 对比两次Trail中的SQL执行的逻辑读
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'COMPARE_BG_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'COMPARE PERFORMANCE', -
EXECUTION_PARAMS => DBMS_ADVISOR.ARGLIST( -
'COMPARISON_METRIC', 'BUFFER_GETS', -
'EXECUTION_NAME1','EXEC_10G_201806', -
'EXECUTION_NAME2','EXEC_11G_201806'), -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Compare SQLs between 10g and 11g at :'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
2.10 测试端：汇总报告
执行对比分析任务之后，就可以取出对应的对比分析任务的结果报告，主要关注的报告类型有：汇总SQL报告，错误SQL报告以及不支持SQL报告。
a) 获取执行时间全部报告
conn SPA/SPA
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL elapsed_all.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','ALL','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off
b) 获取执行时间下降报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL elapsed_regressed.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','REGRESSED','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off
c) 获取逻辑读全部报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL buffer_all.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','ALL','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_BG_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off
d) 获取逻辑读下降报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL buffer_regressed.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','REGRESSED','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_BG_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off
e) 获取错误报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL error.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','ERRORS','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off
f) 获取不支持报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL unsupported.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','UNSUPPORTED','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off
g) 获取执行计划变化报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL changed_plans.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','CHANGED_PLANS','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off
3.SPA环境清理
3.1 查看SQLSET
conn SPA/SPA
select owner,name,STATEMENT_COUNT from dba_sqlset;
3.2 查看分析任务
select owner,task_id,task_name,created,LAST_MODIFIED,STATUS from DBA_ADVISOR_TASKS where task_name like upper('%&task_name%') order by 2;
SPA_TASK_201806
3.3 删除ANALYSIS_TASK
exec dbms_sqlpa.DROP_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806');
3.4 删除sqlset
exec dbms_sqltune.DROP_SQLSET('ORCL_SQLSET_201806');
如果删除时出现异常情况"ORA-13757",提示STS是活动的,可以尝试使用下面SQL修改后再进行删除。
delete from wri$_sqlset_references
where sqlset_id in (select id
from wri$_sqlset_definitions
where name in ('ORCL_SQLSET_201806','ORCL_SQLSET_201806'));
commit;
3.5 删除用户
删除SPA用户（两端）
drop user spa cascade;