Java获取数据库的表中各字段的字段名,代码如下:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class TestDemo {
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection conn = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String url = "jdbc:mysql://数据库IP地址:3306/数据库名称";
String user = "数据库用户名";
String pass = "数据库用户密码";
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pass);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = getConnection();
String sql = "select * from AccessType";
PreparedStatement stmt;
try {
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
ResultSetMetaData data = rs.getMetaData();
for (int i = 1; i <= data.getColumnCount(); i++) {
// 获得所有列的数目及实际列数
int columnCount = data.getColumnCount();
// 获得指定列的列名
String columnName = data.getColumnName(i);
// 获得指定列的列值
int columnType = data.getColumnType(i);
// 获得指定列的数据类型名
String columnTypeName = data.getColumnTypeName(i);
// 所在的Catalog名字
String catalogName = data.getCatalogName(i);
// 对应数据类型的类
String columnClassName = data.getColumnClassName(i);
// 在数据库中类型的最大字符个数
int columnDisplaySize = data.getColumnDisplaySize(i);
// 默认的列的标题
String columnLabel = data.getColumnLabel(i);
// 获得列的模式
String schemaName = data.getSchemaName(i);
// 某列类型的精确度(类型的长度)
int precision = data.getPrecision(i);
// 小数点后的位数
int scale = data.getScale(i);
// 获取某列对应的表名
String tableName = data.getTableName(i);
// 是否自动递增
boolean isAutoInctement = data.isAutoIncrement(i);
// 在数据库中是否为货币型
boolean isCurrency = data.isCurrency(i);
// 是否为空
int isNullable = data.isNullable(i);
// 是否为只读
boolean isReadOnly = data.isReadOnly(i);
// 能否出现在where中
boolean isSearchable = data.isSearchable(i);
System.out.println(columnCount);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的字段名称:" + columnName);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的类型,返回SqlType中的编号:"+ columnType);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的数据类型名:" + columnTypeName);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "所在的Catalog名字:"+ catalogName);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "对应数据类型的类:"+ columnClassName);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "在数据库中类型的最大字符个数:"+ columnDisplaySize);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的默认的列的标题:" + columnLabel);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的模式:" + schemaName);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "类型的精确度(类型的长度):" + precision);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "小数点后的位数:" + scale);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "对应的表名:" + tableName);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否自动递增:" + isAutoInctement);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "在数据库中是否为货币型:" + isCurrency);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否为空:" + isNullable);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否为只读:" + isReadOnly);
System.out.println("获得列" + i + "能否出现在where中:"+ isSearchable);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
实际应用中也可以用case子句根据不同字段类型做不同处理:
switch(columnType){
case Types.NUMERIC :classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getLong(i));
break;
case Types.VARCHAR:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getString(i));
break;
case Types.DATE:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getDate(i));
break;
case Types.TIMESTAMP:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getTimestamp(i));
break;
case Types.TIME:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getTime(i));
break;
case Types.BOOLEAN:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getBoolean(i));
break;
case Types.ARRAY :classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getArray(i));
break;
case Types.BIGINT :classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getInt(i));
break;
case Types.BINARY:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getBinaryStream(i));
break;
case Types.BLOB:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getBlob(i) );
break;
case Types.CHAR:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getString(i));
break;
case Types.INTEGER:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getInt(i));
break;
case Types.DOUBLE :classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName,rs.getDouble(i));
break;
case Types.FLOAT:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getFloat(i));
break;
case Types.SMALLINT:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getInt(i));
break;
case Types.DECIMAL:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getLong(i));
break;
default:classFactory.setprop(entity, columnName, rs.getObject(i));
break;
}