quartz-1.8.5 Demo

最近在研究Spring中的定时任务功能，最好的办法当然是使用Quartz来实现。对于一个新手来说，花了我不少时间，这里我写个笔记，给大家参考。 我使用的是Maven来管理项目，需要的Jar包我给大家贴出来。 quartz-1.8.5.jar commons-logging.jar spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar spring.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar Maven的pom.xml的配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>QtzTest</groupId>
    <artifactId>QtzTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <properties>
        <springframework.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</springframework.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>7.5.4.v20111024</version>
                <configuration>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
                    <webApp>
                        <contextPath>/${project.artifactId}</contextPath>
                    </webApp>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>QtzTest</groupId>
    <artifactId>QtzTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <properties>
        <springframework.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</springframework.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>7.5.4.v20111024</version>
                <configuration>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
                    <webApp>
                        <contextPath>/${project.artifactId}</contextPath>
                    </webApp>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

特别注意一点，与Spring3.1以下版本整合必须使用Quartz1，最初我拿2.1.3的，怎么搞都报错： Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Error loading class [org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean] for bean with name 'mytrigger' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: problem with class file or dependent class; nested exception is java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: class org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean has interface org.quartz.CronTrigger as super class
查看发现spring3.0.5中org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean继承了org.quartz.CronTrigger（public class CronTriggerBeanextends CronTrigger），而在quartz2.1.3中org.quartz.CronTrigger是个接口（publicabstract interface CronTrigger extends Trigger），而在quartz1.8.5及1.8.4中org.quartz.CronTrigger是个类（publicclass CronTrigger extends Trigger），从而造成无法在applicationContext中配置触发器。这是spring3.1以下版本和quartz2版本不兼容的一个bug。（感谢tiren的回复，spring3.1以及以后版本支持quartz2）
在Spring中使用Quartz有两种方式实现：第一种是任务类继承QuartzJobBean，第二种则是在配置文件里定义任务类和要执行的方法，类和方法仍然是普通类。很显然，第二种方式远比第一种方式来的灵活。
第一种方式的JAVA代码：

package com.ncs.hj;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

public class SpringQtz extends QuartzJobBean{
    private static int counter = 0;
    protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        System.out.println();
        long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("		" + new Date(ms));
        System.out.println(ms);
        System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
        String s = (String) context.getMergedJobDataMap().get("service");
        System.out.println(s);
        System.out.println();
    }
}

package com.ncs.hj;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

public class SpringQtz extends QuartzJobBean{
	private static int counter = 0;
	protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
		System.out.println();
		long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("		" + new Date(ms));
		System.out.println(ms);
		System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
		String s = (String) context.getMergedJobDataMap().get("service");
		System.out.println(s);
		System.out.println();
	}
}

第二种方式的JAVA代码：

package com.ncs.hj;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

import java.util.Date;

public class SpringQtz {
    private static int counter = 0;
    protected void execute()  {
        long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("		" + new Date(ms));
        System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
    }
}

package com.ncs.hj;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

import java.util.Date;

public class SpringQtz {
	private static int counter = 0;
	protected void execute()  {
		long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("		" + new Date(ms));
		System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
	}
}

Spring的配置文件：

<!------------ 配置调度程序quartz ，其中配置JobDetail有两种方式-------------->
    <!--方式一：使用JobDetailBean，任务类必须实现Job接口 -->
    <bean id="myjob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean">
     <property name="name" value="exampleJob"></property>
     <property name="jobClass" value="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"></property>
     <property name="jobDataAsMap">
<map>
    <entry key="service"><value>simple is the beat</value></entry>
</map>
;/property>
    </bean>
    <!--运行时请将方式一注释掉！ -->
    <!-- 方式二：使用MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean，任务类可以不实现Job接口，通过targetMethod指定调用方法-->
    <!-- 定义目标bean和bean中的方法 -->
    <bean id="SpringQtzJob" class="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"/>
    <bean id="SpringQtzJobMethod" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
    <property name="targetObject">
        <ref bean="SpringQtzJob"/>
    </property>
    <property name="targetMethod">  <!-- 要执行的方法名称 -->
        <value>execute</value>
    </property>
</bean>

<!-- ======================== 调度触发器 ======================== -->
<bean id="CronTriggerBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
    <property name="jobDetail" ref="SpringQtzJobMethod"></property>
    <property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ?"></property>
</bean>

<!-- ======================== 调度工厂 ======================== -->
<bean id="SpringJobSchedulerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
    <property name="triggers">
        <list>
            <ref bean="CronTriggerBean"/>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>

    <!------------ 配置调度程序quartz ，其中配置JobDetail有两种方式-------------->  
        <!--方式一：使用JobDetailBean，任务类必须实现Job接口 -->   
        <bean id="myjob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean">  
         <property name="name" value="exampleJob"></property>  
         <property name="jobClass" value="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"></property> 
         <property name="jobDataAsMap">
				<map>
					<entry key="service"><value>simple is the beat</value></entry>
				</map>
	</property>
        </bean> 
        <!--运行时请将方式一注释掉！ -->  
        <!-- 方式二：使用MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean，任务类可以不实现Job接口，通过targetMethod指定调用方法-->  
        <!-- 定义目标bean和bean中的方法 -->
        <bean id="SpringQtzJob" class="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"/>
        <bean id="SpringQtzJobMethod" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
        <property name="targetObject">
            <ref bean="SpringQtzJob"/>
        </property>
        <property name="targetMethod">  <!-- 要执行的方法名称 -->
            <value>execute</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- ======================== 调度触发器 ======================== -->
    <bean id="CronTriggerBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
        <property name="jobDetail" ref="SpringQtzJobMethod"></property>
        <property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ?"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- ======================== 调度工厂 ======================== -->
    <bean id="SpringJobSchedulerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
        <property name="triggers">
            <list>
                <ref bean="CronTriggerBean"/>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>  

关于cronExpression表达式，这里讲解一下： 字段 允许值 允许的特殊字符 秒 0-59 , - * / 分 0-59 , - * / 小时 0-23 , - * / 日期 1-31 , - * ? / L W C 月份 1-12 或者 JAN-DEC , - * / 星期 1-7 或者 SUN-SAT , - * ? / L C # 年（可选） 留空, 1970-2099 , - * / 表达式意义 "0 0 12 * * ?" 每天中午12点触发 "0 15 10 ? * *" 每天上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 * * ?" 每天上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 * * ? 2005" 2005年的每天上午10:15触发 "0 * 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:59期间的每1分钟触发 "0 0/5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:55期间的每5分钟触发 "0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到2:55期间和下午6点到6:55期间的每5分钟触发 "0 0-5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:05期间的每1分钟触发 "0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" 每年三月的星期三的下午2:10和2:44触发 "0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" 周一至周五的上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 15 * ?" 每月15日上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 L * ?" 每月最后一日的上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 ? * 6L" 每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" 2002年至2005年的每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 ? * 6#3" 每月的第三个星期五上午10:15触发 每天早上6点 0 6 * * * 每两个小时 0 */2 * * * 晚上11点到早上8点之间每两个小时，早上八点 0 23-7/2，8 * * * 每个月的4号和每个礼拜的礼拜一到礼拜三的早上11点 0 11 4 * 1-3 1月1日早上4点 0 4 1 1 * 最后别忘了在web.xml里面配置Spring：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
          http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
		  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

运行结果： Wed Feb 08 13:58:30 CST 2012 (0) Wed Feb 08 13:58:35 CST 2012 (1) Wed Feb 08 13:58:40 CST 2012 (2) Wed Feb 08 13:58:45 CST 2012 (3) Wed Feb 08 13:58:50 CST 2012 (4) Wed Feb 08 13:58:55 CST 2012 (5) Wed Feb 08 13:59:00 CST 2012 (6)