使用python处理excel表格

     在我的工作中，有时候要处理大批量的数据的excel表格，通常是几万行的，如果手工做的话，大概需要半天时间，而且还不一定能保证不出错，如果是筛选数据的话，还不能对筛选好的数据直接进行求取平均值的需求，必须拷贝到另一张表里进行平均值操作。下面我针对具体的需求，来说一下python是如何处理的。

     需求：对OPER、STATENAME两列进行筛选，得到CPU、ELAPSE两列的数据，然后求出它们的平均值，最好有几个OPER生成几张表

     代码：

import xlrd,sys
 2  from pyExcelerator import*
 3 OPER =5
 4 CPU  =6
 5 ELAPSE =8
 6 STATENAME =15
 7 FILENAME ="WUPHG1HTC.xls"
 8  class CpuTestTime:
 9     StateTable = {}
10     OperList = []
11 def__init__(self,filename):
12         self.fname = filename
13 
14 def openExcelFile(self,index):
15         self.bk = xlrd.open_workbook(self.fname)
16         self.sh = self.bk.sheets()[index]
17         self.nrows = self.sh.nrows
18         self.dic3 = {}
19 
20 def cpuTestTime(self):
21 for i in range(1,self.nrows):
22 ifnot str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1] in CpuTestTime.OperList:       #oper
23                  CpuTestTime.OperList.append(str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1])
24                 CpuTestTime.StateTable[str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1]]=[]
25 for i in range(1,self.nrows):
26 ifnot str(self.sh.row(i)[STATENAME])[7:-1] in CpuTestTime.StateTable[str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1]]:#statename
27                  CpuTestTime.StateTable[str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1]].append(str(self.sh.row(i)[STATENAME])[7:-1])
28 
29         dic1 ={}
30         dic2 ={}
31 for key,values in CpuTestTime.StateTable.items():
32 for value in values:
33 for tt in ['ELAPSED_TIME','CPU_ELAPSED_TIME','COUNT']:
34                     dic1.update({tt:0})
35                 dic2.update({value:dic1.copy()})
36             self.dic3.update({key:dic2.copy()})
37 
38 for i in xrange(1,self.nrows):
39             self.dic3[str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1]][str(self.sh.row(i)[STATENAME])[7:-1]]['ELAPSED_TIME'] += self.sh.row(i)[ELAPSE].value
40             self.dic3[str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1]][str(self.sh.row(i)[STATENAME])[7:-1]]['CPU_ELAPSED_TIME'] += self.sh.row(i)[CPU].value
41             self.dic3[str(self.sh.row(i)[OPER])[7:-1]][str(self.sh.row(i)[STATENAME])[7:-1]]['COUNT'] +=1
42 
43 for key,values in CpuTestTime.StateTable.items():
44 for value in values:
45 for tt in ['ELAPSED_TIME','CPU_ELAPSED_TIME']:
46                     self.dic3[key][value][tt]=self.dic3[key][value][tt]/self.dic3[key][value]['COUNT']
47 
48 def saveResult(self):
49         wb = Workbook()
50 for key,values in CpuTestTime.StateTable.items():
51             loop =1
52             ws = wb.add_sheet(key)
53             ws.write(0,0,'STATE')
54             ws.write(0,1,'ELAPSED_TIME')
55             ws.write(0,2,'CPU_ELAPSED_TIME')
56             ws.write(0,3,'COUNT')
57 for value in values:
58                 ws.write(loop,0,value)
59                 ws.write(loop,1,round(self.dic3[key][value]['ELAPSED_TIME'],2))
60                 ws.write(loop,2,round(self.dic3[key][value]['CPU_ELAPSED_TIME'],2))
61                 ws.write(loop,3,self.dic3[key][value]['COUNT'])
62                 loop = loop+1
63         wb.save('result'+FILENAME)
64 
65  if"__main__"==__name__:
66     excelFile = CpuTestTime(FILENAME)
67     excelFile.openExcelFile(0)
68     excelFile.cpuTestTime()
69     excelFile.saveResult()

      首先讲一下两个库：xlrd 和 pyExcelerator，xlrd从名字上来看就是读excel比较方便的，而pyExcelerator对于生成excel并写excel很方便。让我们分析一下上述代码的两个函数：

def openExcelFile(self,index):
2         self.bk = xlrd.open_workbook(self.fname)
3         self.sh = self.bk.sheets()[index]
4         self.nrows = self.sh.nrows
5         self.dic3 = {}

      行2是打开一个文件名为self.fname的excel工作薄，行3是获取工作薄中的第（index+1）张表，因为一个工作薄里可以新建好几张表，它们的索引从0开始，行4记录了这张表里数据的行数。下面读取每个表格的值就很容易了,sh.row(i)[3]这个就代表第i行的第4列.特别注意sh.row(i)[3][7:-1]才能取到正确的字符串值，和excel的编码有关。

def saveResult(self):
 2         wb = Workbook()
 3 for key,values in CpuTestTime.StateTable.items():
 4             loop =1
 5             ws = wb.add_sheet(key)
 6             ws.write(0,0,'STATE')
 7             ws.write(0,1,'ELAPSED_TIME')
 8             ws.write(0,2,'CPU_ELAPSED_TIME')
 9             ws.write(0,3,'COUNT')
10 for value in values:
11                 ws.write(loop,0,value)
12                 ws.write(loop,1,round(self.dic3[key][value]['ELAPSED_TIME'],2))
13                 ws.write(loop,2,round(self.dic3[key][value]['CPU_ELAPSED_TIME'],2))
14                 ws.write(loop,3,self.dic3[key][value]['COUNT'])
15                 loop = loop+1
16         wb.save('result'+FILENAME)

          上面这段代码，行2创建一个excel工作薄，行5增加一个表，行6写cell(0,0)单元格，值为最后一个参数'STATE'。行16保存到文件。

          这种方式处理excel表比较好懂，也比较简单，当然，也可以用windows的COM来处理，不过就没有这么简单了~