• 使用nginx搭建tomcat集群配置


    软件准备:

    (1)jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz
    
    (2)apache-tomcat-7.0.57.tar.gz
    
    (3)nginx-1.7.7.tar.gz

    准备3台Linux机器,我的3台Linux主机IP分别是192.168.71.11、192.168.71.12和192.168.71.13。

    我们打算在3台Linux机器上各安装1台tomcat,并在第1台机器上安装一个nginx。

    一、安装JDK

    解压jdk安装包

    tar -zxvf jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz

    解压jdk安装包,得到一个解压后的目录:/usr/local/zhaopin/jdk1.8.0_73,后面tomcat要使用到这个目录。

    二、安装和配置tomcat

    (2)解压tomcat安装包

    tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.57.tar.gz

    解压tomcat安装包,得到一个解压后的目录,将其改名为"tomcat-kafka-8301",即:/usr/local/zhaopin/tomcat-kafka-8301,后面配置tomcat也要到此目录。

    (3)修改tomcat-kafka-8301/bin/catalina.sh文件,在开头添加如下内容:

    CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/zhaopin/tomcat-kafka-8301
    JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/zhaopin/jdk1.8.0_73
    
    JAVA_OPTS="-Xms2048m 
    -Xmx2048m 
    -Xmn384m 
    -Xss256k 
    -XX:PermSize=128M 
    -XX:NewSize=384m 
    -XX:MaxNewSize=384m 
    -XX:MaxPermSize=256m 
    -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 
    -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC 
    -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection 
    -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled 
    -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=7777 
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false 
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false 
    -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.71.11 
    -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError 
    -Djava.awt.headless=true" 

    (4)修改server.xml文件的内容:

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
      <GlobalNamingResources>
        <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
                  type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
                  description="User database that can be updated and saved"
                  factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
                  pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
      </GlobalNamingResources>
      <Service name="Catalina">
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="1000" minSpareThreads="50" maxIdleTime="60000"/> <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8301" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" enableLookups="false" maxPostSize="10485760" URIEncoding="UTF-8" acceptCount="100" acceptorThreadCount="2" disableUploadTimeout="true" maxConnections="10000" SSLEnabled="false"/> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>

    (5)修改tomcat-users.xml文件,在末尾添加如下内容:

    <role rolename="manager"/>
    <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
    <role rolename="admin"/>
    <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
    <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin-gui,admin,manager-gui,manager"/>

    这样一台tomcat就配置好了,按照此方法在多台服务器上安装多个tomcat即可。

    为了便于观察nginx的负载均衡效果,我们需要分别修改3台tomcat服务器的默认主页(修改tomcat安装目录下的/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp文件),在页面顶部添加本地的IP地址,比如:

    三、安装和配置nginx

    (1)使用yum命令安装nginx的编译环境

    yum -y install gcc-c++  
    yum -y install pcre pcre-devel  
    yum -y install zlib zlib-devel  
    yum -y install openssl openssl—devel

    (2)使用wget命令下载nginx安装包

    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.7.tar.gz

    (3)解压nginx安装包

    tar -zxvf nginx-1.7.7.tar.gz

    (4)进入到解压后的nginx目录

    (5)编译nginx到指定的目录

    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zhaopin/nginx

    (5)安装nginx

    make && make install

    (6)启动、停止、重启nginx的命令

    启动: sbin/nginx
    停止: sbin/nginx -s stop
    重启: sbin/nginx -s reload

    (7)在浏览器中访问 http://ip地址,如果能够看到nginx首页说明nginx安装成功

    如果访问不到nginx的首页,可能是防火墙问题,安装如下配置防火墙,并在浏览器中重新访问即可:

    防火墙打开80端口
    service iptables stop //关闭防火墙
    
    如果在浏览器中访问不了nginx,请在防火墙中将80端口添加例外:
    /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
    
    将防火墙配置做持久化:
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
    
    查看防火墙的状态:
    /etc/init.d/iptables status

    (8)nginx.conf配置

    #user  nobody;
    worker_processes  8;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
        gzip on;  
        gzip_min_length 1k;  
        gzip_buffers 16 64k;  
        gzip_http_version 1.1;  
        gzip_comp_level 6;  
        gzip_types text/xml text/javascript text/css text/plain application/json application/xml application/javascript;  
        gzip_vary on;  
      
        upstream backend_server {
            server 192.168.71.11:8301;
            server 192.168.71.12:8302;
            server 192.168.71.13:8303;
            #ip_hash;  
        }
    
        server {
            listen       8081;
            server_name  backend_server;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            location / {
                #root   html; #定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置  
                #index  index.html index.htm; #定义首页索引文件的名称 
                proxy_pass http://backend_server; #请求转向backend_server 定义的服务器列表
                client_max_body_size 10m;    #允许客户端请求的最大单文件字节数
                client_body_buffer_size 128k;  #缓冲区代理缓冲用户端请求的最大字节数
    
                proxy_connect_timeout 90s;  #nginx跟后端服务器连接超时时间(代理连接超时)
                proxy_send_timeout 120s;        #后端服务器数据回传时间(代理发送超时)
                proxy_read_timeout 90s;         #连接成功后,后端服务器响应时间(代理接收超时)
                proxy_buffer_size 128k;             #设置代理服务器(nginx)保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小
                proxy_buffers 4 256k;               #proxy_buffers缓冲区,网页平均在32k以下的话,这样设置
                #proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;    #高负荷下缓冲大小(proxy_buffers*2)
                #proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;  #设定缓存文件夹大小,大于这个值,将从upstream服务器传
    
                #后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP
                #proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $remote_addr;  
                proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;  
            }
            #location / {
                #root   /home/ftpuser/www;
                #index  index.html index.htm;
            #}
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }

    在上面的配置文件中,我们安装了3台tomcat,端口分别是8301、8302和8303,修改好nginx的配置文件之后,重启nginx,并在浏览器中访问:http://192.168.71.11,并不断刷新页面,如果看到tomcat默认主页顶部有ip地址在变化说明nginx和tomcat负载均衡配置成功。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jun1019/p/6622794.html
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