java rsa 解密报:javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: Decryption error

Exception in thread "main" javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: Decryption error
    at sun.security.rsa.RSAPadding.unpadV15(RSAPadding.java:380)
    at sun.security.rsa.RSAPadding.unpad(RSAPadding.java:291)
    at com.sun.crypto.provider.RSACipher.doFinal(RSACipher.java:356)
    at com.sun.crypto.provider.RSACipher.engineDoFinal(RSACipher.java:389)
    at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(Cipher.java:2223)
    at com.asymmetric.rsa.TestRSA.testDecrypt(TestRSA.java:115)

    at com.asymmetric.rsa.TestRSA.main(TestRSA.java:34)

简单解释:

字面意思就是解密的时候填充错误,rsa 加解密都是把数据必须满足一定的长度,如果  不满足就要进行填充(一般是补0)直到满足特定的长度

测试代码

package com.asymmetric.rsa;
 
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
 
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
 
 
 
public class TestRSA {
	
	public static String publicKey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDQgEoj3z9JrdPNI23DbMQkl3gkGuDke7iBr5yrYyqolkTyxuBLWFwHNuGv4VKOj9fXg61QxpaJ/fxDBvMvmkBSRowHBloGFceVTx8wV/8u0DcjvTCu0IZ1zp6wjG6xBn5j66Sg/q+9hvaY2p7fkKmsvcW6VoNPgQHU1Cf01DLZmQIDAQAB+oXcINOiE3AsuZ4VJmwNZg9Y/7fY+OFRS2JAh5YMsrv2qyoGP+Z9ksre26NYR+Lt91B2lhdwJHLpQpziaANZm/ONb31fj/lwIDAQAB";
	public static String privateKey = "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";
	
	private static String algorithm = "RSA"; //$NON-NLS-1$
	private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;
	private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;
	private static String data = "test jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihg"; //$NON-NLS-1$
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException {
		String test = testEncrypt(privateKey,data);
		String testDecrypt = testDecrypt(publicKey, test);
		System.out.println(testDecrypt);
		
	}
	
 
	/**
	 * 加密
	 * @param key
	 * @param data
	 * @return
	 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
	 * @throws InvalidKeySpecException
	 * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
	 * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
	 * @throws BadPaddingException
	 * @throws InvalidKeyException
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public static String testEncrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException{
		byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode);
		KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
		PrivateKey generatePrivate = kf.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
		Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
		ci.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, generatePrivate);
		
		byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
		int inputLen = bytes.length;
		int offLen = 0;//偏移量
		int i = 0;
		ByteArrayOutputStream bops = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
			byte [] cache;
			if(inputLen - offLen > 117){
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,117);
			}else{
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,inputLen - offLen);
			}
			bops.write(cache);
			i++;
			offLen = 117 * i;
		}
		bops.close();
		byte[] encryptedData = bops.toByteArray();
		String encodeToString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedData);
		return encodeToString;
	}
	
 
 
	
	/**
	 * 解密
	 * @param key
	 * @param data
	 * @return
	 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
	 * @throws InvalidKeyException 
	 * @throws NoSuchPaddingException 
	 * @throws InvalidKeySpecException 
	 * @throws BadPaddingException 
	 * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException 
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public static String testDecrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeySpecException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException{
		byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
//		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode); //java底层 RSA公钥只支持X509EncodedKeySpec这种格式
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(decode);
		KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
		PublicKey generatePublic = kf.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
		Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
		ci.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,generatePublic);
		
		int inputLen = data.getBytes().length;
		byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
		int offLen = 0;
		int i = 0;
		ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
			byte[] cache;
			if(inputLen - offLen > 128){
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,128); 
			}else{
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,inputLen - offLen);
			}
			byteArrayOutputStream.write(cache);
			i++;
			offLen = 128 * i;
			
		}
		byteArrayOutputStream.close();
		byte[] byteArray = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
		return new String(byteArray);
	}
	
	
	
}

问题点:

后来发现确实是我自己的错误,rsa 加密后返回的字符串使用Base64编码的,忘了解密直接getBytes()就出错了

api 指出:BadPaddingException - 如果此 Cipher 为解密模式，并且未请求填充（或不填充），但解密的数据没有用适当的填充字节进行限制

只要是cipher.doFinal()解密时报 BadPaddingException 肯定是传入的字节数组有问题,传的不是加密时生成的数组

修正后的代码:

package com.asymmetric.rsa;
 
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
 
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
 
 
 
public class TestRSA {
	
	public static String publicKey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDQgEoj3z9JrdPNI23DbMQkl3gkGuDke7iBr5yrYyqolkTyxuBLWFwHNuGv4VKOj9fXg61QxpaJ/fxDBvMvmkBSRowHBloGFceVTx8wV/8u0DcjvTCu0IZ1zp6wjG6xBn5j66Sg/q+9hvaY2p7fkKmsvcW6VoNPgQHU1Cf01DLZmQIDAQAB+oXcINOiE3AsuZ4VJmwNZg9Y/7fY+OFRS2JAh5YMsrv2qyoGP+Z9ksre26NYR+Lt91B2lhdwJHLpQpziaANZm/ONb31fj/lwIDAQAB";
	public static String privateKey = "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";
	
	private static String algorithm = "RSA"; //$NON-NLS-1$
	private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;
	private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;
	private static String data = "test jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihgtest jiojiogeiojigouihg"; //$NON-NLS-1$
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException {
		String test = testEncrypt(privateKey,data);
		String testDecrypt = testDecrypt(publicKey, test);
		System.out.println(testDecrypt);
		
	}
	
 
	/**
	 * 加密
	 * @param key
	 * @param data
	 * @return
	 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
	 * @throws InvalidKeySpecException
	 * @throws NoSuchPaddingException
	 * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
	 * @throws BadPaddingException
	 * @throws InvalidKeyException
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public static String testEncrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IOException{
		byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode);
		KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
		PrivateKey generatePrivate = kf.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
		Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
		ci.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, generatePrivate);
		
		byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
		int inputLen = bytes.length;
		int offLen = 0;//偏移量
		int i = 0;
		ByteArrayOutputStream bops = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
			byte [] cache;
			if(inputLen - offLen > 117){
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,117);
			}else{
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes, offLen,inputLen - offLen);
			}
			bops.write(cache);
			i++;
			offLen = 117 * i;
		}
		bops.close();
		byte[] encryptedData = bops.toByteArray();
		String encodeToString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedData);
		return encodeToString;
	}
	
 
 
	
	/**
	 * 解密
	 * @param key
	 * @param data
	 * @return
	 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
	 * @throws InvalidKeyException 
	 * @throws NoSuchPaddingException 
	 * @throws InvalidKeySpecException 
	 * @throws BadPaddingException 
	 * @throws IllegalBlockSizeException 
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public static String testDecrypt(String key,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeySpecException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException{
		byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
//		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decode); //java底层 RSA公钥只支持X509EncodedKeySpec这种格式
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(decode);
		KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
		PublicKey generatePublic = kf.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
		Cipher ci = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
		ci.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,generatePublic);
		
		byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(data);
		int inputLen = bytes.length;
		int offLen = 0;
		int i = 0;
		ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		while(inputLen - offLen > 0){
			byte[] cache;
			if(inputLen - offLen > 128){
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,128); 
			}else{
				cache = ci.doFinal(bytes,offLen,inputLen - offLen);
			}
			byteArrayOutputStream.write(cache);
			i++;
			offLen = 128 * i;
			
		}
		byteArrayOutputStream.close();
		byte[] byteArray = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
		return new String(byteArray);
	}
	
	
	
}