springboot 2.0+整合RabbitMQ

基于spring-boot 2.*

作用

1、异步处理

2、应用解耦

3、流量削峰

 

相关概念介绍

Broker:它提供一种传输服务,它的角色就是维护一条从生产者到消费者的路线，保证数据能按照指定的方式进行传输,

Exchange：消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。

Queue:消息的载体,每个消息都会被投到一个或多个队列。

Binding:绑定，它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来.

Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。

vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以有多个vhost，用作不同用户的权限分离。

Producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序.

Consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序.

Channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel.

 

添加Maven依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 

spring-boot配置

# =========消息队列（消息总线用）=========
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: ${RABBIT_MQ_HOST:192.168.2.166}
    port:  ${RABBIT_MQ_PORT:5672}
    username: guest
    password: guest
    virtual-host: /

 

生产者实例代码

创建消息生产者Sender。通过注入AmqpTemplate接口的实例来实现消息的发送，AmqpTemplate接口定义了一套针对AMQP协议的基础操作。在Spring Boot中会根据配置来注入其具体实现。在该生产者，我们会产生一个字符串，并发送到名为hello的队列中。

import java.util.Date;
 
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class Sender {
 
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
 
    public void send() {
        String context = "hello " + new Date();
        System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello", context);
    }
}

 

创建消息消费者Receiver

通过@RabbitListener注解定义该类对hello队列的监听，并用@RabbitHandler注解来指定对消息的处理方法。所以，该消费者实现了对hello队列的消费，消费操作为输出消息的字符串内容。

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
public class Receiver {
 
    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String hello) {
        System.out.println("Receiver : " + hello);
    }
}

 

创建RabbitMQ的配置类RabbitConfig，用来配置队列、交换器、路由等高级信息。这里我们以入门为主，先以最小化的配置来定义，以完成一个基本的生产和消费过程。

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
import com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQImpl.Queue;
 
//这里可以配置具体的队列
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
 
    @Bean
    public Queue helloQueue() {
        return new Queue();
    }
}

 

---

 

完整配置

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")
    private String host;
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}")
    private int port;
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
    private String password;
    public static final String EXCHANGE_A = "my-mq-exchange_A";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_B = "my-mq-exchange_B";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_C = "my-mq-exchange_C";
    public static final String QUEUE_A = "QUEUE_A";
    public static final String QUEUE_B = "QUEUE_B";
    public static final String QUEUE_C = "QUEUE_C";
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_A = "spring-boot-routingKey_A";
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_B = "spring-boot-routingKey_B";
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_C = "spring-boot-routingKey_C";
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(host,port);
        connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true);
        return connectionFactory;
    }
    @Bean
    @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
    //必须是prototype类型
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
        RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
        return template;
    }
 
    /**
     * 针对消费者配置
     * 1. 设置交换机类型
     * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机
     FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念
     HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配
     DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
     TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
     */
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_A);
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取队列A
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue queueA() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_A, true); //队列持久
    }
 
    @Bean
    public Binding binding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(defaultExchange()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A);
    }
 
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingB(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(defaultExchange()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_B);
    }
}

 

生产者代码

@Component
public class MsgProducer implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    //由于rabbitTemplate的scope属性设置为ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE，所以不能自动注入
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    /**
     * 构造方法注入rabbitTemplate
     */
    @Autowired
    public MsgProducer(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
        this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); //rabbitTemplate如果为单例的话，那回调就是最后设置的内容
    }
    public void sendMsg(String content) {
        CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        //把消息放入ROUTINGKEY_A对应的队列当中去，对应的是队列A
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_A, RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A, content, correlationId);
    }
    /**
     * 回调
     */
    @Override
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
        logger.info(" 回调id:" + correlationData);
        if (ack) {
            logger.info("消息成功消费");
        } else {
            logger.info("消息消费失败:" + cause);
        }
    }
}

 

消费者代码

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.QUEUE_A)
public class MsgReceiver {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String content) {
        logger.info("接收处理队列A当中的消息： " + content);
    }
}