用bash脚本读文件的方法有很多。请看第一部分,我使用了while循环及其后的管道命令(|)(cat $FILE | while read line; do … ),并在循环当中递增 i 的值,最后,我得到了非我所想的 i 。主要的原因是,管道命令会发起子shell来读取文件,而任何在(子shell的)while循环中的操作(例如 i ++),都会随着子shell的结束而丢失。
而第二种,也是最坏的一种,其最明显的错误就是在读文件的过程中使用了for循环(for fileline in $(cat $FILE);do ..),这样每打印一个单词就换一次行,因为for循环使用空格作为默认的IFS。
完美的方法,即第三种的while循环(while read line;do …. done < $FILE) 是最合适且最简单的一行行地读文件的方法。请看以下例子。
Input: $ cat sample.txt This is sample file This is normal text file Source: $ cat readfile.sh #!/bin/bash i=1; FILE=sample.txt # Wrong way to read the file. # This may cause problem, check the value of 'i' at the end of the loop echo "###############################" cat $FILE | while read line; do echo "Line # $i: $line" ((i++)) done echo "Total number of lines in file: $i" # The worst way to read file. echo "###############################" for fileline in $(cat $FILE);do echo $fileline done # This is correct way to read file. echo "################################" k=1 while read line;do echo "Line # $k: $line" ((k++)) done < $FILE echo "Total number of lines in file: $k" Output: $ ./readfile.sh ############################### Line # 1: This is sample file Line # 2: This is normal text file Total number of lines in file: 1 ############################### This is sample file This is normal text file ################################ Line # 1: This is sample file Line # 2: This is normal text file Total number of lines in file: 3