Relationships & Hyperlinked APIs
参考链接:
目前我们API中的关系用primary keys展示,这部分我们会通过hyperlinking提高我们API的内聚性和扩展性
【1】给API的根节点传建一个端点
在views.py中添加:
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view from rest_framework.response import Response #reverse函数返回完全合格的URLs from rest_framework.reverse import reverse @api_view(['GET']) def api_root(request,format=None): return Response({ 'users':reverse('user-list',request=request,format=format), 'myLesson':reverse('myLesson-list',request=request,format=format) })
【2】为highlighted创建一个端点
和其他API不同的是,我们不用JSON格式,而是用HTML展示,Rest framework提供了两种风格的HTML Render,一个是使用模板,另一个用pre_rendererd,这里我们使用第二个
因为我们要返回的不是一个类,而是一个属性,所以没有我们能够是用的具体的generic view,所以我们用generics.GenericAPIView并自己创建get方法
在views.py中添加:
from rest_framework import renderers class MyLessonHighlight(generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = MyLesson.objects.all() serializer_class = MyLessonSerializer renderer_classes = (renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer,) def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): myLesson = self.get_object() return Response(myLesson.highlighted)
在mylesson中urls.py添加:
url(r'^$', views.api_root), url(r'^myLesson/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/highlight/$', views.MyLessonHighlight.as_view()),
【3】给API添加超链接
有很多方式可以展示实体间的关系:primary keys, hyperlinking, unique identifying slug field, default string, 或者使两个类继承自一个母体
REST framework 提供了上述所有风格,在此case中我们使用hyperlinked,使用HyperlinkedModelSerializer
HyperlinkedModelSerializer 和 ModelSerializer 的区别:没有id,多了url,用HyperlinkedRelatedField代替PrimaryKeyRelatedField
因此我们重写serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers from myLesson.models import MyLesson from django.contrib.auth.models import User class MyLessonSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): owner = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner.username') url = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name="myLesson-detail") highlight = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='myLesson-highlight',format='html') class Meta: model = MyLesson fields = ('url','id','highlight','owner','title','code','linenos','language','style') class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): # myLesson = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True,queryset=MyLesson.objects.all()) myLesson = serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(many=True,view_name='myLesson-detail',read_only=True) class Meta: model = User fields = ('url','id','username','myLesson')
【4】确认URL patterns已经被命名
修改myLesson/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url,include from myLesson import views from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$',views.api_root), url(r'^users/$',views.UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'), url(r'^users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$',views.UserDetail.as_view(),name='user-detail'), url(r'^myLesson/$',views.MyLessonList.as_view(),name='myLesson-list'), url(r'^myLesson/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$',views.MyLessonDetail.as_view(),name='myLesson-detail'), url(r'^myLesson/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/highlight/$',views.MyLessonHighlight.as_view(),name='myLesson-highlight'),] urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
【5】添加分页
如果数据库中的数据达到一定程度, 那么用户使用api时可能会返回大量数据, 因此, 我们最好使用分页功能。
我们可以使用django-rest-framework自带的设置选项, 使list自动使用分页:
# myTest/settings.py REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'PAGINATE_BY': 10 }
【6】修改bug,按照官网文档的代码写完运行调试,有bug,报错
Could not resolve URL for hyperlinked relationship using view name "mylesson-detail". You may have failed to include the related model in your API, or incorrectly configured the lookup_field attribute on this field.
修改问题参考链接:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20550598/django-rest-framework-could-not-resolve-url-for-hyperlinked-relationship-using
解决办法:在MyLessonSerializer中添加url说明:
url = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name="myLesson-detail")