• LeetCode 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) (插入删除和获得随机数 常数时间)


    Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.

    1. insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
    2. remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
    3. getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.

    Example:

    // Init an empty set.
    RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();
    
    // Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
    randomSet.insert(1);
    
    // Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
    randomSet.remove(2);
    
    // Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
    randomSet.insert(2);
    
    // getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
    randomSet.getRandom();
    
    // Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
    randomSet.remove(1);
    
    // 2 was already in the set, so return false.
    randomSet.insert(2);
    
    // Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.
    randomSet.getRandom();
    

    题目标签:Array, HashTable, Design
      题目让我们设计一个 数据结构, 能插入val, 删除val 和 获得 随机val ,并且是O(1) 时间。
      一开始想到的是HashSet,但是对于 取得随机val O(1) 肯定不行。
      所以,能在O(1) 时间内 获得随机项,肯定是array。那么这一题需要array 和 HashMap的配合使用。
      ArrayList nums 保存所有的val;HashMap 保存 所有的val 和 index(在nums)的映射。
     
      对于insert:nums 直接 add ,map 直接 put,都符合O(1);
      对于remove:map remove 符合O(1), 但是 nums remove的话,只有当remove 最后一项的时候,才符合O(1)。如果遇到的val 在nums 里不是最后一项的话,把最后一项的val 保存到 val 的位置,并且要更新最后一项在map中的index,然后nums remove 最后一项。
      对于getRandom:直接在nums 里随机返回就可以了。
     

    Java Solution:

    Runtime beats 86.91% 

    完成日期:09/16/2017

    关键词:Array, Hash Table, Design

    关键点:利用array 保存数值;利用map保存 - 数值 当作key,数值在array里的index 当作value。

     1 class RandomizedSet 
     2 {
     3     private HashMap<Integer, Integer> map; // key is value, value is index
     4     private ArrayList<Integer> nums; // store all vals
     5     private java.util.Random rand = new java.util.Random();
     6     
     7     /** Initialize your data structure here. */
     8     public RandomizedSet() 
     9     {
    10         map = new HashMap<>();
    11         nums = new ArrayList<>();
    12     }
    13     
    14     /** Inserts a value to the set. Returns true if the set did not already contain the specified element. */
    15     public boolean insert(int val) 
    16     {
    17         boolean contain = map.containsKey(val);
    18         
    19         if(contain)
    20             return false;
    21         
    22         map.put(val, nums.size());
    23         nums.add(val);
    24         
    25         return true;
    26     }
    27     
    28     /** Removes a value from the set. Returns true if the set contained the specified element. */
    29     public boolean remove(int val) 
    30     {
    31         boolean contain = map.containsKey(val);
    32         if(!contain) 
    33             return false;
    34         
    35         int valIndex = map.get(val);
    36         if(valIndex != nums.size() - 1) // if this val is not the last one
    37         {
    38             // copy the last one value into this val's position
    39             int lastNum = nums.get(nums.size() - 1);
    40             nums.set(valIndex, lastNum);
    41             // update the lastNum index in map
    42             map.put(lastNum, valIndex);
    43         }
    44         map.remove(val);
    45         nums.remove(nums.size() - 1); // only remove last one is O(1)
    46         
    47         return true;
    48     }
    49     
    50     /** Get a random element from the set. */
    51     public int getRandom() 
    52     {
    53         return nums.get(rand.nextInt(nums.size()));
    54     }
    55 }
    56 
    57 /**
    58  * Your RandomizedSet object will be instantiated and called as such:
    59  * RandomizedSet obj = new RandomizedSet();
    60  * boolean param_1 = obj.insert(val);
    61  * boolean param_2 = obj.remove(val);
    62  * int param_3 = obj.getRandom();
    63  */

    参考资料:

    https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/53216/java-solution-using-a-hashmap-and-an-arraylist-along-with-a-follow-up-131-ms

    LeetCode 题目列表 - LeetCode Questions List

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jimmycheng/p/7534970.html
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