Ubuntu18.04之vim安装及配置

一、安装vim

命令行中输入：sudo apt-get install vim

(ps:它会显示让你输入密码，不过你输入的密码不会回显)

查看安装是否成功输入： vim  -v

二、配置vim

第一步：在终端创建.vimrc文件命令为:   $vi ~/.vimrc   

(ps:表示手动设置一个配置文件 :vimrc  , 这里把.vimrc文件创建在当前用户的根目录下)

第二步：在.vimrc文件中添加配置内容：

 set shortmess=atI   " 启动的时候不显示那个援助乌干达儿童的提示  
 winpos 5 5          " 设定窗口位置  
 set lines=40 columns=155    " 设定窗口大小  
 set nu              " 显示行号  
 set go=             " 不要图形按钮   
 syntax on           " 语法高亮  
 autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul  " 用浅色高亮当前行  
 autocmd InsertEnter * se cul    " 用浅色高亮当前行  
 set showcmd         " 输入的命令显示出来，看的清楚些  
 set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w [FORMAT=%{&ff}] [TYPE=%Y] [POS=%l,%v][%p%%] %{strftime("%d/%m/%y - %H:%M")}   "状态行显示的内容  
 set laststatus=1    " 启动显示状态行(1),总是显示状态行(2)  
 set foldmethod=manual   " 手动折叠  
 set background=dark "背景使用黑色 
 set nocompatible  "去掉讨厌的有关vi一致性模式，避免以前版本的一些bug和局限  
 " 显示中文帮助
 if version >= 603
 set helplang=cn
 set encoding=utf-8
 endif
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936
set fileencoding=utf-8
autocmd BufReadPost *
     if line("'"") > 0 && line("'"") <= line("$") |
         exe "normal g'"" |
     endif
let mapleader=","
nnoremap <space> :
vnoremap <space> :
nnoremap <C-h> <C-W>h
nnoremap <C-j> <C-W>j
nnoremap <C-k> <C-W>k
nnoremap <C-l> <C-W>l
inoremap <C-h> <Esc><C-W>h
inoremap <C-j> <Esc><C-W>j
inoremap <C-k> <Esc><C-W>k
inoremap <C-l> <Esc><C-W>l
let OpenDir=system("pwd")
nmap <silent> <leader>cd :exe 'cd ' . OpenDir<cr>:pwd<cr>
let g:Tlist_Auto_Update=1
let g:Tlist_Process_File_Always=1
let g:Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow=1
let g:Tlist_Show_One_File=1
let g:Tlist_WinWidth=25
let g:Tlist_Enable_Fold_Column=0
let g:Tlist_Auto_Highlight_Tag=1
let g:NERDTreeWinPos="right"
let g:NERDTreeWinSize=25
let g:NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1
let g:NERDTreeQuitOnOpen=1
if has("cscope")
    set csto=1
    set cst
    set nocsverb
    if filereadable("cscope.out")
        cs add cscope.out
    endif
    set csverb
endif
let g:OmniCpp_DefaultNamespaces=["std"]
let g:OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope=1
let g:OmniCpp_SelectFirstItem=2
if has("gdb")
    set asm=0
    let g:vimgdb_debug_file=""
    run macros/gdb_mappings.vim
endif
let g:LookupFile_TagExpr='"./tags.filename"'
let g:LookupFile_MinPatLength=2
let g:LookupFile_PreserveLastPattern=0
let g:LookupFile_PreservePatternHistory=1
let g:LookupFile_AlwaysAcceptFirst=1
let g:LookupFile_AllowNewFiles=0
source $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/man.vim
let g:snips_author="Du Jianfeng"
let g:snips_email="cmdxiaoha@163.com"
let g:snips_copyright="SicMicro, Inc"
function! RunShell(Msg, Shell)
    echo a:Msg . '...'
    call system(a:Shell)
    echon 'done'
endfunction
nmap  <F2> :TlistToggle<cr>
nmap  <F3> :NERDTreeToggle<cr>
nmap  <F4> :MRU<cr>
nmap  <F5> <Plug>LookupFile<cr>
nmap  <F6> :vimgrep /<C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr>/ **/*.c **/*.h<cr><C-o>:cw<cr>
nmap  <F9> :call RunShell("Generate tags", "ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q .")<cr>
nmap <F10> :call HLUDSync()<cr>
nmap <F11> :call RunShell("Generate filename tags", "~/.vim/shell/genfiletags.sh")<cr>
nmap <F12> :call RunShell("Generate cscope", "cscope -Rb")<cr>:cs add cscope.out<cr>
nmap <leader>sa :cs add cscope.out<cr>
nmap <leader>ss :cs find s <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sg :cs find g <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sc :cs find c <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>st :cs find t <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>se :cs find e <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sf :cs find f <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>si :cs find i <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sd :cs find d <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>zz <C-w>o
nmap <leader>gs :GetScripts<cr>
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()"
func SetTitle()
    if &filetype == 'sh'
        call setline(1,"#########################################################################")
        call append(line("."), "# File Name: ".expand("%"))
        call append(line(".")+1, "# Author: jianqiao")
        call append(line(".")+2, "# mail: 123456789@qq.com")
        call append(line(".")+3, "# Created Time:".strftime("%c"))
        call append(line(".")+4,"#########################################################################")
        call append(line(".")+5, "#!/bin/bash")
        call append(line(".")+6, "") 
    else
        call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************")
        call append(line("."), "    > File Name: ".expand("%"))
        call append(line(".")+1, "    > Author: jianqiao")
        call append(line(".")+2, "    > Mail: 123456789@qq.com ")
        call append(line(".")+3, "    > Created Time: ".strftime("%c"))
        call append(line(".")+4," ************************************************************************/")
        call append(line(".")+5, "") 
    endif
    if &filetype == 'cpp'
        call append(line(".")+6, "#include <iostream>")
 
        call append(line(".")+7, "")
        call append(line(".")+8, "using namespace std;")
        call append(line(".")+9, "")
        call append(line(".")+10, "int main(void){")
        call append(line(".")+11, "")
        call append(line(".")+12, "    return 0;")
        call append(line(".")+13, "}")
    endif
    if &filetype == 'c'
        call append(line(".")+6, "#include <stdio.h>")
        call append(line(".")+7, "")
        call append(line(".")+8, "int main(void){")
        call append(line(".")+9, "")
        call append(line(".")+10,"  return 0;")
        call append(line(".")+11, "}")
    endif
    autocmd BufNewFile *normal G
endfunc
inoremap ( ()<Esc>i>

set ts=4
set expandtab
set autoindent
set nu
set nocompatible
set number
set autoindent
set smartindent
set showmatch
set ruler
set incsearch
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set softtabstop=4
set cindent
set nobackup
set clipboard+=unnamed

三、重启终端 创建、编写、编译、运行C、C++程序

(ps:以创建hello.cpp和hello.c为例)

1、在终端使用命令 $vi hello.c  ($vi hello.cpp) 创建hello.c / hello.cpp文件，并进入vim界面；

2、键入i，进入输入模式

3、编写hello.c / hello.cpp程序

4、先按Esc键退出输入模式；然后按 : 键，进入命令模式；输入wq表示保存并退出。

5、编译hello.c / hello.cpp

     5.1、对于C程序：在终端使用命令 $gcc hello.c

     5.2、对于C++程序：用$g++ hello.cpp可编译，编译后均生成a.out的可执行文件

6、在终端使用命令 $ ./a.out  表示运行程序

7、在终端显示“helloworld!”即成功

小坑点：

修改ubuntu18.04界面大小：

1、使用CTRL+alt+t打开终端

2、使用命令xrandr  查看相应的屏幕分辨率的相关参数

3、使用命令 xrandr -s 相应分辨率（如1916x889）即可改为相应的显示

参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15725099/article/details/88536748

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_34144848/article/details/92129254

https://blog.csdn.net/zr_1877/article/details/78572377

https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/386589323.html