多线程之间实现互斥操作方式很多种,临界区(Critical Section),互斥量(Mutex),信号量(Semaphore),事件(Event)等方式
其中临界区,互斥量,信号量算是严格意义的实现互斥操作的,事件应该说算是一种线程间的通信机制来保证互斥
在多线程中,可以直接将这些变量定义为全局的,然后在不同的线程中使用,那么多进程环境就不行了。
多进程如果要实现多共享资源的互斥操作,只能使用互斥量(Mutex)
Mutex分为命名和匿名互斥量,进程间只能使用命名方式。
windows下面的操作函数为:CreateMutex,WaitForSingleObject,ReleaseMutex,CloseHandle
linux下面的操作函数为:sem_open,sem_wait,sem_post,sem_close(关闭当前进程中的互斥量句柄,内核中仍然存在),sem_unlink(从内核中移除互斥量)
下面封装了一个跨平台实现多进程互斥操作的类,我自己测试过,可以拿来使用:
ProcessMutex.h文件:
1 #ifndef __PROCESS_MUTEX_H__
2 #define __PROCESS_MUTEX_H__
3
4 #ifdef WIN32
5 #include <Windows.h>
6 #endif
7
8 #ifdef linux
9 #include <unistd.h>
10 #include <semaphore.h>
11 #include <stdio.h>
12 #include <fcntl.h>
13 #include <signal.h>
14 #include <string.h>
15 #include <memory.h>
16 #endif
17
18 class CProcessMutex
19 {
20 public:
21 /* 默认创建匿名的互斥 */
22 CProcessMutex(const char* name = NULL);
23 ~CProcessMutex();
24
25 bool Lock();
26 bool UnLock();
27
28 private:
29
30 #ifdef WIN32
31 void* m_pMutex;
32 #endif
33
34 #ifdef linux
35 sem_t* m_pSem;
36 #endif
37 char m_cMutexName[30];
38 };
39
40 #endif
ProcessMutex.cpp文件:
1 #include "ProcessMutex.h"
2
3 #ifdef WIN32
4
5 CProcessMutex::CProcessMutex(const char* name)
6 {
7 memset(m_cMutexName, 0 ,sizeof(m_cMutexName));
8 int min = strlen(name)>(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1)?(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1):strlen(name);
9 strncpy(m_cMutexName, name, min);
10 m_pMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, false, m_cMutexName);
11 }
12
13 CProcessMutex::~CProcessMutex()
14 {
15 CloseHandle(m_pMutex);
16 }
17
18 bool CProcessMutex::Lock()
19 {
20 //互斥锁创建失败
21 if (NULL == m_pMutex)
22 {
23 return false;
24 }
25
26 DWORD nRet = WaitForSingleObject(m_pMutex, INFINITE);
27 if (nRet != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
28 {
29 return false;
30 }
31
32 return true;
33 }
34
35 bool CProcessMutex::UnLock()
36 {
37 return ReleaseMutex(m_pMutex);
38 }
39
40 #endif
41
42 #ifdef linux
43
44 CProcessMutex::CProcessMutex(const char* name)
45 {
46 memset(m_cMutexName, 0 ,sizeof(m_cMutexName));
47 int min = strlen(name)>(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1)?(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1):strlen(name);
48 strncpy(m_cMutexName, name, min);
49 m_pSem = sem_open(name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644, 1);
50 }
51
52 CProcessMutex::~CProcessMutex()
53 {
54 int ret = sem_close(m_pSem);
55 if (0 != ret)
56 {
57 printf("sem_close error %d
", ret);
58 }
59 sem_unlink(m_cMutexName);
60 }
61
62 bool CProcessMutex::Lock()
63 {
64 int ret = sem_wait(m_pSem);
65 if (ret != 0)
66 {
67 return false;
68 }
69 return true;
70 }
71
72 bool CProcessMutex::UnLock()
73 {
74 int ret = sem_post(m_pSem);
75 if (ret != 0)
76 {
77 return false;
78 }
79 return true;
80 }
81
82 #endif