在实际应用当中，有时候搜索条件复杂，我们可以使用复合查询，也叫组合查询。可以使用bool查询。
1、使用bool查询
接收以下参数：
must：文档必须匹配这些条件才能被包含进来。
must_not：文档必须不匹配这些条件才能被包含进来。
should：如果满足这些语句中的任意语句，将增加_score，否则无任何影响。它们主要用于修正每个文档的相关性得分。
filter：必须匹配，但它以不评分、过滤模式来进行。这些语句对评分没有贡献，只是根据过滤标准来排除或包含文档。
相关性得分是如何组合的。每一个子查询都独自地计算文档的相关性得分。一旦他们的得分被计算出来，bool查询就将这些得分进行合并并且返回一个代表整个布尔操作的得分。
2、准备数据
PUT /lib { "settings":{ "number_of_shards":3, "number_of_replicas":0 }, "mappings":{ "user":{ "properties":{ "name":{"type":"text"}, "address":{"type":"text"}, "age":{"type":"integer"}, "interests":{"type":"text"}, "birthday":{"type":"date"} } } } }
put /lib/user/1 { "name":"zhaoliu", "address":"hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi", "age":50, "birthday":"1970-12-12", "interests":"xi huang hejiu,duanlian,lvyou" } put /lib/user/2 { "name":"zhaoming", "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age":20, "birthday":"1998-10-12", "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } put /lib/user/3 { "name":"lisi", "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age":23, "birthday":"1998-10-12", "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } put /lib/user/4 { "name":"wangwu", "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age":26, "birthday":"1998-10-12", "interests":"xi huan biancheng,tingyinyue,lvyou" } put /lib/user/5 { "name":"zhangsan", "address":"bei jing chao yang qu", "age":29, "birthday":"1988-10-12", "interests":"xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu" }
3、操作演示
1）兴趣必须包含changge不能包含lvyou 或者 地址包含bei jing并且生日大于1996-01-01的
GET lib/user/_search { "query":{ "bool": { "must":{"match":{"interests":"changge"}}, "must_not":{"match":{"interests":"ivyou"}}, "should": [ {"match": {"address": "bei jing"}}, {"range": {"birthday": {"gte":"1996-01-01" }}} ] } } }
查询结果
{ "took": 141, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 3, "max_score": 3.0426373, "hits": [ { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "3", "_score": 3.0426373, "_source": { "name": "lisi", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 23, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "2", "_score": 1.7223206, "_source": { "name": "zhaoming", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 20, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "5", "_score": 0.77241296, "_source": { "name": "zhangsan", "address": "bei jing chao yang qu", "age": 29, "birthday": "1988-10-12", "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu" } } ] } }
2）兴趣必须包含changge不能包含lvyou 或者 地址包含bei jing，并且生日大于1996-01-01的，即所有的生日大于1996-01-01
GET lib/user/_search { "query":{ "bool": { "must":{"match":{"interests":"changge"}}, "must_not":{"match":{"interests":"ivyou"}}, "should": [ {"match": {"address": "bei jing"}} ], "filter": { "range": {"birthday": {"gte":"1996-01-01" }} } } } }
查询结果
{ "took": 11, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": 2.0426373, "hits": [ { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "3", "_score": 2.0426373, "_source": { "name": "lisi", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 23, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "2", "_score": 0.7223206, "_source": { "name": "zhaoming", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 20, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } } ] } }
3）自己领略含义，过滤中可以使用bool
GET lib/user/_search { "query":{ "bool": { "must":{"match":{"interests":"changge"}}, "must_not":{"match":{"interests":"ivyou"}}, "should": [ {"match": {"address": "bei jing"}} ], "filter": { "bool": { "must":[ {"range":{"birthday":{"gte":"1990-01-01"}}}, {"range":{"age":{"lte":30}}} ], "must_not":[ {"term":{"age":"29"}} ] } } } } }
查询结果
{ "took": 7, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": 2.0426373, "hits": [ { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "3", "_score": 2.0426373, "_source": { "name": "lisi", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 23, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "2", "_score": 0.7223206, "_source": { "name": "zhaoming", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 20, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } } ] } }
4、constant_score查询
它将一个不变的常量评分应用于所有匹配的文档。它被经常用于你只需要执行一个filter而没有其他查询（例如，评分查询）的情况下。
例如：查询兴趣包含changge，但是不评分：
GET lib/user/_search { "query": { "constant_score": { "filter": {"term": { "interests": "changge" }} } } }
查询结果
{ "took": 8, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 3, "max_score": 1, "hits": [ { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "2", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "zhaoming", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 20, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "5", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "zhangsan", "address": "bei jing chao yang qu", "age": 29, "birthday": "1988-10-12", "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu" } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "3", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "lisi", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 23, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } } ] } }