MySQL设置UTF8字符

最近看了下Django, 发现数据库中文编码问题, 需要修改数据库的编码, 统一为UTF8, 这样可以解决乱码问题

修改my.ini文件, 添加三个地方

注意: 5.1版本在mysqld下设置default-character-set=utf8, 5.5的设置变了, 我使用的环境是mysql 5.5

[client] 
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'


[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

 修改完成之后, 重启数据库, 可以查看

mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.27, for Win32 (x86)

Connection id:          33
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.5.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             localhost via TCP/IP
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
TCP port:               3306
Uptime:                 3 min 53 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 282  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 61  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 54  Queries per second avg: 1.210
--------------

这样保证连接mysql之后, 默认都使用了UTF8编码

也可以查看全局变量

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                       |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                      |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                        |
| character_sets_dir       | XXX\mysql\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

已经建立的数据库和表需要进行修改和更新, 分别对数据库和表进行, 数据量小可以考虑导出为sql语句后修改

修改数据库, 表和字段的sql语法参考如下

修改数据库, 以test数据库为例

mysql> alter database `test` character set utf8;

 修改表为utf8, 以book表为例

mysql> alter table `book` character set utf8;

以book表的title字段为例

mysql> alter table `books_book` modify `title` varchar(100) character set utf8;

 其中sql语句中的反引号[`]是用来转义的

参考:

1. [#0x004E] MySQL 5.5版本下my.ini内[mysqld]项中不能再写default-character-set=utf8
2. MySQL修改编码设置及乱码问题