SpringBoot的功能之所以强大,离不开它的自动配置这一大特色。但估计很多人只是知其然而不知其所以然。下面本人对自动配置原理做一个分析:
在使用SpringBoot时我们通过引入不同的Starter,就自动地应用其相应的自动配置。这是由于每个Starter都会引一个相应xxx--autoconfigure.jar,并且在这个jar的META-INF/spring.factories文件中有类似如下的配置:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
org.mybatis.spring.boot.autoconfigure.MybatisAutoConfiguration
也就是通过org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration这个为 key引入自动配置类。这个自动类就会以代码的方式去完成以前Spring的xml配置文件做的事。
现在的关键问题就是,Spring的容器是如何知道这个自动配置类的存在的呢?带着这个问题,我们来跟踪SpringBoot启动类的实例run方法,先列出方法源码:
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
其实整个过程的秘密全在上面这段代码中体现出来了,只不过隐藏的比较深而已。上面这段有两个方法是和Spring容器发现这个自动配置类有关的
1. 在这个 prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner)
方法中完成了SpringBoot 的main方法中的启动类在Spring容器中的注册,并且是以源的方式进行注册。也就是相当于告诉spring容器,这个启动类就相当于是以前的xml文件了
2. refreshContext(context);
这个就是初始化 Spring容器,并实例化容器中注册的Bean,自然也就会对SpringBoot 的main方法中的启动类进行解析,这样一来,启动类上的 注解 @EnableAutoConfiguration就起作用了,但是要注意@EnableAutoConfiguration注解是springBoot提供的,springframeworke中的ApplicationContext是不会理会它的,而springboot接管后,相应的容器也是springBoot提供的,所以@EnableAutoConfiguration注解才会起作用,在createApplicationContext()中能看到springboot使用的容器类。
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() { Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass; if (contextClass == null) { try { switch (this.webApplicationType) { case SERVLET: contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS); break; case REACTIVE: contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS); break; default: contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex); } } return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); }
下面看 @EnableAutoConfiguration的源码:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration"; /** * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied. * @return the classes to exclude */ Class<?>[] exclude() default {}; /** * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be * applied. * @return the class names to exclude * @since 1.3.0 */ String[] excludeName() default {}; }
会发现这个 @EnableAutoConfiguration 注解里面 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
AutoConfigurationImportSelector里面有几段代码说明其会从META-INF/spring.factories文件,并加载其中配置key为org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration对应的类,我们称之为自动配置类,这样类上都会有@Configuration注解,所以就能被spring容器处理了。
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames( getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you " + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; } /** * Return the class used by {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} to load configuration * candidates. * @return the factory class */ protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() { return EnableAutoConfiguration.class; }
总结:
@SpringBootApplication —— > @EnableAutoConfiguration ——> AutoConfigurationImportSelector——>META-INF/spring.factories
至此,一切真相大白。