实验环境：red hat 5.8
oracle环境：11.2.0.3
只坏一个文件
实验前先备份
使用脚本，冷备份和热备份
冷备份参考：http://blog.csdn.net/rlhua/article/details/11850445
热备份参考：http://blog.csdn.net/rlhua/article/details/11850629
1、首先建立一张测试用的表。
sys@TEST0910> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
scott@TEST0910> create table test4 as select * from emp;
Table created.
2、插入三次数据，分别为提交归档，提交不归档，不提交不归档
sys@TEST0910> insert into scott.test4 select * from scott.emp;
14 rows created.
sys@TEST0910> commit;
Commit complete.
sys@TEST0910> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test4;
COUNT(*)
----------
28
sys@TEST0910> insert into scott.test4 select * from scott.emp;
14 rows created.
sys@TEST0910> commit;
Commit complete.
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test4;
COUNT(*)
----------
42
sys@TEST0910> insert into scott.test4 select * from scott.emp;
14 rows created.
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test4;
COUNT(*)
----------
56
3、模拟断电。
sys@TEST0910> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
4、删除数据文件
[oracle@rtest ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
5、起库，报错，查询哪个文件损坏。
sys@TEST0910> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2505338880 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 587203928 bytes
Database Buffers 1895825408 bytes
Redo Buffers 20078592 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf'
sys@TEST0910> select file#,error from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
4 FILE NOT FOUND
6、使用高可用模式，先开库，后恢复
先让datafile offline
sys@TEST0910> alter database datafile 4 offline;
Database altered.
sys@TEST0910> alter database open;
Database altered.
7、转储到新的位置
[oracle@rtest disk1]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/bak/hot_bak/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/disk1/users01.dbf
[oracle@rtest disk1]$ ls
users01.dbf
8、使用rename改变位置
sys@TEST0910> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/disk1/users01.dbf';
Database altered.
9、恢复数据文件，容乃公数据文件online
sys@TEST0910> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00279: change 1647795 generated at 09/19/2013 20:16:10 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_39_93q4z4lt_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1647795 for thread 1 is in sequence #39
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 1648611 generated at 09/19/2013 20:16:35 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_40_93qc5g30_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1648611 for thread 1 is in sequence #40
ORA-00279: change 1656909 generated at 09/19/2013 22:02:21 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_41_93rysdc1_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1656909 for thread 1 is in sequence #41
ORA-00279: change 1682384 generated at 09/20/2013 12:43:24 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_42_93ryywvd_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1682384 for thread 1 is in sequence #42
ORA-00279: change 1682485 generated at 09/20/2013 12:46:20 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_43_93s0lg0r_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1682485 for thread 1 is in sequence #43
ORA-00279: change 1702534 generated at 09/20/2013 13:13:48 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_44_93s106lj_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1702534 for thread 1 is in sequence #44
ORA-00279: change 1703113 generated at 09/20/2013 13:21:10 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_45_93s1bwhd_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1703113 for thread 1 is in sequence #45
ORA-00279: change 1723137 generated at 09/20/2013 13:26:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_46_93s2kccp_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1723137 for thread 1 is in sequence #46
ORA-00279: change 1724278 generated at 09/20/2013 13:47:23 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_47_93s32w3k_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1724278 for thread 1 is in sequence #47
ORA-00279: change 1744396 generated at 09/20/2013 13:56:43 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_48_93ss22cp_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1744396 for thread 1 is in sequence #48
ORA-00279: change 1758153 generated at 09/20/2013 20:11:45 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_49_93szgs9j_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1758153 for thread 1 is in sequence #49
ORA-00279: change 1766481 generated at 09/20/2013 22:00:56 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_50_93tvkm26_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1766481 for thread 1 is in sequence #50
ORA-00279: change 1783681 generated at 09/21/2013 06:00:18 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_51_93vdmv7w_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1783681 for thread 1 is in sequence #51
ORA-00279: change 1792730 generated at 09/21/2013 10:51:38 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_52_93vdzvnf_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1792730 for thread 1 is in sequence #52
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
sys@TEST0910> alter database datafile 4 online;
Database altered.
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test4;
COUNT(*)
----------
42