mysql8安装(详细)

环境:
OS:Centos 7
DB:8.0.28

1.下载安装介质
官网下载
我这里下载的是8.0.28
mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.创建mysql用户和用户组
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -g mysql mysql
#passwd mysql

3.下载解压安装
[root@localhost soft]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost soft]# mv mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /home/middle/mysql8

4.创建相应的目录
[root@rac02 mysql8]# cd /home/middle/mysql8
[root@localhost mysql8]# mkdir data ##数据文件目录
[root@localhost mysql8]# mkdir conf ## 配置文件目录
[root@localhost mysql8]# mkdir -p mysqllog/relaylog ##主从环境relaylog
[root@localhost mysql8]# mkdir -p mysqllog/logfile ##错误日志文件
[root@localhost mysql8]# mkdir -p mysqllog/binlog ##binlog文件
[root@localhost mysql8]# mkdir -p secure_file ##secure_file_priv参数指定路

5.配置my.cnf配置文件
在conf目录下创建配置文件my.cnf,配置文件内容如下

[mysqld]
port=13306
server-id=3
basedir=/home/middle/mysql8
datadir=/home/middle/mysql8/data
socket=/home/middle/mysql8/mysql.sock
max_connections = 10000
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_general_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
interactive_timeout=86400
wait_timeout=86400
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size= 128M
max_allowed_packet=32M
##query_cache_size=32M
read_buffer_size=2M
sort_buffer_size=128M
join_buffer_size= 128M
innodb_file_per_table= 1
innodb_open_files= 5000
innodb_buffer_pool_size= 32G
innodb_write_io_threads= 16
innodb_read_io_threads= 16
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads= 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_log_file_size=512M
innodb_log_files_in_group= 5
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct= 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size= 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
myisam_max_sort_file_size= 10G
myisam_repair_threads= 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
event_scheduler=1
max_binlog_size=100M
binlog_format=row
log-bin=/home/middle/mysql8/mysqllog/binlog/binlog.bin
slow_query_log=on
slow_query_log_file=/home/middle/mysql8/mysqllog/logfile/slow-query.log
long_query_time=1
log_queries_not_using_indexes=on
log-error=/home/middle/mysql8/mysqllog/logfile/mysql-err.log
binlog_cache_size=4MB
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
##已经没有该参数了expire_logs_days=15
##3*24*60*60=259200 3天
binlog_expire_logs_seconds=259200
###该参数去掉了,使用如下参数skip-slave-start
skip_replica_start
relay-log-index=/home/middle/mysql8/mysqllog/relaylog/slave-relay-bin.index
relay-log=/home/middle/mysql8/mysqllog/relaylog/relaylog-binlog
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema,performance_schema,sys
##无该参数slave_net_timeout=60
replica_net_timeout=60
##language=/home/middle/mysql8/share/english
early-plugin-load=""
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
##无该参数log_slave_updates=1,下面参数替代
log_replica_updates=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
lower_case_table_names=1 ##需要在初始化的时候加上该参数 --lower-case-table-names=1
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO'
secure_file_priv=/home/middle/mysql8/secure_file

[client]
port = 13306
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

6.初始化数据库
root账户下

[root@localhost bin]# cd /home/middle/mysql8/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --lower-case-table-names=1 --user=mysql --basedir=/home/middle/mysql8 --datadir=/home/middle/mysql8/data
2022-03-03T07:25:30.725362Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2022-03-03T07:25:30.725477Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /home/middle/mysql8/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) initializing of server in progress as process 9234
2022-03-03T07:25:30.751117Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-03-03T07:25:31.925262Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-03-03T07:25:34.223533Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #h*SXgejt4,q

若不想要初始化密码,不需要密码的话可以采用如下方法初始化话

./mysqld --initialize-insecure --lower-case-table-names=1 --user=mysql --basedir=/home/middle/mysql8 --datadir=/home/middle/mysql8/data

7.修改目录权限
[root@localhost mha]# cd /home/middle
[root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql8

8.启动
(在mysql用户下执行)
[root@rac02 conf]# echo>/home/middle/mysql8/mysqllog/logfile/mysql-err.log
[root@localhost mha]# cd /home/middle
[root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql8
[root@rac02 conf]#/home/middle/mysql8/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/middle/mysql8/conf/my.cnf --user=mysql &

9.登陆数据库修改相应用户密码
[root@rac02 bin]# cd /home/middle/mysql8/bin
[root@rac02 bin]# ./mysql -h localhost -uroot -P13306 --socket=/home/middle/mysql8/mysql.sock -p

mysql> select version();
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

建议使用如下语句修改,兼容新老版本的认证方式
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password BY 'mysql';
flush privileges;

重新登录
[root@rac02 bin]#./mysql -h localhost -uroot -P13306 --socket=/home/middle/mysql8/mysql.sock -p
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.28 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10.创建开发用户
在mysql8.0创建用户和授权和之前不太一样了，其实严格上来讲，也不能说是不一样, 只能说是更严格, mysql8.0需要先创建用户(创建用户时要带@并指定地址, 则grant授权时的地址就是这个@后面指定的!, 否则grant授权就会报错!)和设置密码,然后才能授权。
create user 'hxl'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password BY 'mysql';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'hxl'@'%' with grant option;

mysql_native_password:说明兼容新老版本的认证方式,若不想加这句,需要在配置文件my.cnf中加上default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

使用新创建的用户登录:

mysql> select user();
+---------------+
| user() |
+---------------+
| hxl@localhost |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

11.尝试使用xtrabackup2.4备份mysql8.0

root@rac02 opt]# mkdir -p /tmp/xtrabackup_file8
root@rac02 opt]#yum install perl
root@rac02 opt]#yum install 'perl(Data::Dumper)'
root@rac02 opt]#yum -y install perl-Digest-MD5
root@rac02 opt]#yum install perl-DBD-MySQL

[root@rac02 bin]# /opt/xtrabackup-2.4.7/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/home/middle/mysql8/conf/my.cnf --user=root --password=mysql -P23306 --socket=/home/middle/mysql8/mysql.sock /tmp/xtrabackup_file8
220303 03:08:07 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

220303 03:08:07  version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;port=23306;mysql_socket=/home/middle/mysql8/mysql.sock' as 'root'  (using password: YES).
220303 03:08:07  version_check Connected to MySQL server
220303 03:08:07  version_check Executing a version check against the server...
220303 03:08:07  version_check Done.
220303 03:08:07 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: 23306, socket: /home/middle/mysql8/mysql.sock
Error: Unsupported server version: '8.0.28'. Please report a bug at https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-xtrabackup

提示不支持的版本,说明xtrabckup2.4不能用于备份mysql8.0了.