• Linux相关命令整理


    用户管理命令 

    1.groupadd(添加组)

    Usage: groupadd [options] GROUP

    Options:
    -f, --force exit successfully if the group already exists,
    and cancel -g if the GID is already used
    -g, --gid GID use GID for the new group(指定组id)
    -h, --help display this help message and exit
    -K, --key KEY=VALUE override /etc/login.defs defaults
    -o, --non-unique allow to create groups with duplicate
    (non-unique) GID
    -p, --password PASSWORD use this encrypted password for the new group
    -r, --system create a system account(创建系统组)
    -R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into

    2.groupdel(删除组)

    Usage: groupdel [options] GROUP

    Options:
    -h, --help display this help message and exit
    -R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into

    3.useradd(创建一个新用户或更新默认新用户信息)

    Usage: useradd [options] LOGIN
    useradd -D
    useradd -D [options]

    Options:
    -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR base directory for the home directory of the
    new account
    -c, --comment COMMENT GECOS field of the new account
    -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR home directory of the new account
    -D, --defaults print or change default useradd configuration
    -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE expiration date of the new account
    -f, --inactive INACTIVE password inactivity period of the new account
    -g, --gid GROUP name or ID of the primary group of the new
    account
    -G, --groups GROUPS list of supplementary groups of the new
    account
    -h, --help display this help message and exit
    -k, --skel SKEL_DIR use this alternative skeleton directory
    -K, --key KEY=VALUE override /etc/login.defs defaults
    -l, --no-log-init do not add the user to the lastlog and
    faillog databases
    -m, --create-home create the user's home directory
    -M, --no-create-home do not create the user's home directory
    -N, --no-user-group do not create a group with the same name as
    the user
    -o, --non-unique allow to create users with duplicate
    (non-unique) UID
    -p, --password PASSWORD encrypted password of the new account
    -r, --system create a system account
    -R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into
    -s, --shell SHELL login shell of the new account
    -u, --uid UID user ID of the new account
    -U, --user-group create a group with the same name as the user
    -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping

    useradd和adduser命令相同,adduser是useradd的软连接

    (1)用户的分类

      超级用户:root,拥有对系统的最高管理权限,UID默认为0。

      虚拟用户:又叫系统用户或伪用户,具有一定特权,与系统或程序服务相关,但没有真正的使用者。一般不会用来登录系统,它主要用于维持某个访问的正常运行,如ftp,apache等。

      普通用户:是一种受限制的用户,一般新建的用户都是普通用户。默认只能执行/bin、/usr/bin、/usr/local/bin以及自身主目录里的命令。

      在CentOS7中系统用户UID为1~999,普通用户UID为1000+;以前的CentOS6中系统用户UID为1~499,普通用户UID为500+

      注意:UID即每个用户的身份标识,虽然可以修改/etc/passwd(命令设置的UID不允许重复),但尽量保持唯一性,类似于每个人的身份证号码

    #添加hadoop用户 useradd hadoop

    4.userdel(删除一个用户)

    (1)userdel 用户名(功能描述:删除用户但保存用户主目录 /home/用户名)

    (2)userdel -r 用户名(功能描述:用户和用户主目录,都删除)

    5.passwd(操作用户密码)

    Usage: passwd [OPTION...] <accountName>
    -k, --keep-tokens keep non-expired authentication tokens
    -d, --delete delete the password for the named account (root only)
    -l, --lock lock the password for the named account (root only)
    -u, --unlock unlock the password for the named account (root only)
    -e, --expire expire the password for the named account (root only)
    -f, --force force operation
    -x, --maximum=DAYS maximum password lifetime (root only)
    -n, --minimum=DAYS minimum password lifetime (root only)
    -w, --warning=DAYS number of days warning users receives before password expiration (root only)
    -i, --inactive=DAYS number of days after password expiration when an account becomes disabled (root only)
    -S, --status report password status on the named account (root only)
    --stdin read new tokens from stdin (root only)

    Help options:
    -?, --help Show this help message
    --usage Display brief usage message

    #更改hadoop的密码    passwd hadoop

    6.su(切换用户)

    su 用户名

    7.id(判断用户是否存在)

    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023

    8.who(查看登陆用户信息)

    (1)whoami  (功能描述:显示自身用户名称)

    (2)who am i  (功能描述:显示登录用户的用户名)

    (3)who   (功能描述:看当前有哪些用户登录到了本台机器上)

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huoyuer/p/11184570.html
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