• JAVA设计模式---模板方法


    1、定义: 在一个方法中定义一个算法的骨架,而将一些步骤延迟到子类中,模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下,重新定义算法中的某些步骤。

    (为了防止子类改变模板方法中的算法,可以将模板方法声明为final)

    2、钩子(hook)是一种方法,它在抽象类中不做事,或者只做默认的事情,子类可以选择要不要去覆盖它。

    3、实例:

    1)需求:
      冲咖啡步骤: 把水煮沸--->用沸水冲泡咖啡--->把咖啡倒进杯子里--->加糖和牛奶
      冲茶步骤: 把水煮沸--->用沸水冲泡茶--->把茶倒进杯子里--->加柠檬片
     使用模板方法抽取公共类并实现具体动作,子类通过hook覆盖父类中需要的方法。

    2)代码实现:

      a)抽象父类

    public abstract class CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
        public void prepareRecip(){
            boliWater();
            brew();
            pourInCup();
            if(customerWantCondiments()){
                addCondiments();
            }
        }
    
        abstract void brew();
    
        abstract void addCondiments();
    
        public void boliWater(){
            System.out.println("Bolling water");
        }
    
        public void pourInCup() {
            System.out.println("Pouring into Cup");
        }
    
        boolean customerWantCondiments(){
            return true;
        }
    }
    

      b) 子类具体实现

    public class CoffeeWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
    
        @Override
        void brew() {
            System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
        }
    
        @Override
        void addCondiments() {
            System.out.println("Adding Suger and Milk");
        }
    
        public boolean customerWantCondiments() {
            String answer = getUserInput();
            if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    
        private String getUserInput() {
            String answer = "no";
            System.out.println("Would you like some suger and milk (y/n)?: ");
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((System.in)));
            try {
                answer = in.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("IO error!");
            }
            return answer;
        }
    }
    
    public class TeaWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook{
    
        @Override
        void brew() {
            System.out.println("Dripping tea through filter");
        }
    
        @Override
        void addCondiments() {
            System.out.println("Adding lemon");
        }
    
        public boolean customerWantCondiments() {
            String answer = getUserInput();
            if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    
        private String getUserInput() {
            String answer = "no";
            System.out.println("Would you like some lemon (y/n)?: ");
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((System.in)));
            try {
                answer = in.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("IO error!");
            }
            return answer;
        }
    }
    

      c)测试类

    public class CaffineBeverageTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TeaWithHook teaHook = new TeaWithHook();
            CoffeeWithHook coffeeHook = new CoffeeWithHook();
    
            System.out.println("
    ============Making Tea start===========");
            teaHook.prepareRecip();
            System.out.println("
    =============Making Tea end============");
    
            System.out.println("
    ============Making Coffee start===========");
            coffeeHook.prepareRecip();
            System.out.println("
    =============Making Coffee end============");
        }
    }
    

      测试结果:

    ============Making Tea start===========
    Bolling water
    Dripping tea through filter
    Pouring into Cup
    Would you like some lemon (y/n)?:
    n

    =============Making Tea end============

    ============Making Coffee start===========
    Bolling water
    Dripping Coffee through filter
    Pouring into Cup
    Would you like some suger and milk (y/n)?:
    y
    Adding Suger and Milk

    =============Making Coffee end============

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hunterCecil/p/5698624.html
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