• for 循环 ,数字类型,以及字符串类型


    l=['a','b','c']
    print(len(l))
    i=0
    while i<len(l):
    print(l[i])
    i+=1

    l=['a','b','c']
    for item in l: #item='a'
    print(item)

    dic={'x':111,'y':222,'z':333}
    for k in dic: #k='x'
    print(k,dic[k])


    while循环 VS for循环
    1.
    while循环:称之为条件循环,循环的次数取决于条件何时为False
    for循环:称之为...循环,循环的次数取决于数据的包含的元素的个数

    2.
    for循环专门用来取值,在循环取值方面比while循环要强大,以后但凡
    遇到循环取值的场景,就应该用for循环

    0 1 2
    l=['a','b','c']
    for i in range(3):
    print(i,l[i])


    for+break
    names=['egon','kevin','alex','hulaoshi']
    for name in names:
    if name == 'alex':break
    print(name)



    for+continue
    names=['egon','kevin','alex','hulaoshi']
    for name in names:
    if name == 'alex':continue
    print(name)

    for+else
    names=['egon','kevin','alex','hulaoshi']
    for name in names:
    # if name == 'alex':break
    print(name)
    else:
    print('=====>')

    for循环嵌套
    for i in range(3): #i=2
    for j in range(2): #j=1
    print(i,j) #2,1


    '''
    外层循环第一次:i=0
    内层循环
    0,0
    0,1

    外层循环第二次:i=1
    内层循环
    1,0
    1,1
    外层循环第三次: i=2
    内层循环
    2,0
    2,1


    '''

    print(' ',end='')
    print('bbbbb',end='')


    1. 整型int
    ======================================基本使用======================================
    1、用途:记录年龄、等级、号码等

    2、定义方式
    age=10 # age=int(10)

    类型转换
    print(int(3.1))
    res=int('1111111')
    print(res,type(res))


    res=float('111111.1')
    print(res,type(res))

    了解(**)
    十进制转成。。。进制
    print(bin(13))
    print(oct(13))
    print(hex(13))


    3、常用操作+内置的方法

    ======================================该类型总结====================================
    存一个值

    不可变
    x=10
    print(id(x))
    x=11
    print(id(x))


    1. 浮点型float
    ======================================基本使用======================================
    1、用途:记录身高、体重、薪资等

    2、定义方式
    salary=10.1 # salary=float(10.1)

    类型转换
    print(float(10))
    print(float(1.1))
    print(float('1.1'))

    3、常用操作+内置的方法

    ======================================该类型总结====================================
    存一个值

    不可变
    x=10.3
    print(id(x))
    x=11.2
    print(id(x))




    字符串类型str
    ======================================基本使用======================================
    1、用途:记录描述性值的状态,比如名字、性别等

    2、定义方式
    msg='hello world' #msg=str('hello world')

    类型转换: 可以把任意类型专场字符串类型
    res1=str(10)
    res2=str(10.3)
    res3=str([1,2,3])
    res4=str({'x':1}) #res4="{'x':1}"

    print(type(res1))
    print(type(res2))
    print(type(res3))
    print(type(res4))


    3、常用操作+内置的方法
    优先掌握的操作:(*****)
    1、按索引取值(正向取+反向取) :只能取
    msg='hello world'

    print(type(msg[0]))
    print(msg[-1])

    msg[0]='H'


    2、切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)
    msg='hello world'
    print(msg[0]+msg[1]+msg[2])
    print(msg[0:5])
    print(msg[0:5:2]) #0 2 4
    print(msg[0:]) #
    print(msg[:]) #


    print(msg[-1:-5:-1]) #-1 -2 -3 -4
    print(msg[::-1]) #-1 -2 -3 -4

    3、长度len:统计的是字符的个数
    msg='h你d'
    print(len(msg))

    4、成员运算in和not in:判断一个子字符串是否存在与一个大字符串中
    msg='hello world'
    print('ho' in msg)
    print('ho' not in msg)


    5、移除空白strip:移除字符串左右两边的某些字符
    msg=' hello '

    print(msg.strip(' '))
    print(msg.strip())
    print(msg)

    name=input('name>>>: ').strip() #name='egon'
    pwd=input('password>>>: ').strip()

    if name == 'egon' and pwd == '123':
    print('login successfull')
    else:
    print('username or password error')

    msg='***h**ello**********'
    print(msg.strip('*'))

    msg='*-=+h/ello*(_+__'
    print(msg.strip('*-=+/(_'))


    6、切分split: 把有规律的字符串切成列表从而方便取值
    info='egon:18:180:150'
    res=info.split(':',1)
    print(res)
    print(res[1])


    info='egon:18:180:150'
    res=info.split(':')
    print(res)


    s1=res[0]+':'+res[1]+':'+res[2]+':'+res[3]
    s1=''
    for item in res:
    s1+=item
    print(s1)


    s1=':'.join(res)
    print(s1)

    ':'.join([1,2,3,4,5])


    7、循环
    for i in 'hello':
    print(i)



    需要掌握的操作(****)
    1、strip,lstrip,rstrip
    msg='*****hello****'
    print(msg.strip('*')) 移除空白
    print(msg.lstrip('*'))  取掉左边的空白
    print(msg.rstrip('*'))  去掉右边的空白

    2、lower,upper
    msg='AaBbCc123123123'
    print(msg.lower())  把什么变小写
    print(msg.upper())  把什么变大写

    3、startswith,endswith
    msg='alex is dsb'
    print(msg.startswith('alex'))  以什么开头
    print(msg.endswith('sb'))  以什么结尾

    4、format的三种玩法
    msg='my name is %s my age is %s' %('egon',18)
    print(msg)

    msg='my name is {name} my age is {age}'.format(age=18,name='egon')
    print(msg)

    了解
    msg='my name is {} my age is {}'.format(18,'egon')
    msg='my name is {0}{0} my age is {1}{1}{1}'.format(18,'egon')
    print(msg)


    5、split,rsplit
    cmd='get|a.txt|33333'
    print(cmd.split('|',1))  从左往右切分
    print(cmd.rsplit('|',1))  从右往左切分


    6、replace
    msg='kevin is sb kevin kevin'
    print(msg.replace('kevin','sb',2)) 以什么替换

    7、isdigit #当字符串内为纯数字时结果为True
    res='11111'
    print(res.isdigit())  判断是否是纯数字
    int(res)

    age_of_bk=18
    inp_age=input('your age: ').strip()
    if inp_age.isdigit():
    inp_age=int(inp_age) #int('asdfasdfadfasdf')
    if inp_age > 18:
    print('too big')
    elif inp_age < 18:
    print('to small')
    else:
    print('you got it')
    else:
    print('必须输入纯数字')



    了解(**)
    1、find,rfind,index,rindex,count
    print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.find('kevin'))  从左到右找到该值,在从起点到该值的位置距离,
    print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.index('kevin'))  从左到右找到该值,在从起点到该值的位置距离
    print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.rfind('kevin'))  从右到左找到该值,在从起点到该值的位置距离
    print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.rindex('kevin'))  从右到左找到该值,在从起点到该值的位置距离
    fi
                                            但是,find(rfind)找不到则返回-1不会报错,找到了则显示索引,而index(rindex)则会报错
    res='xxxkevin is sb kevin'.find('kevasdfsadfin')
    print(res)

    res='xxxkevin is sb kevin'.index('kevasdfsadfin')



    print('kevin is kevin is kevin is sb'.count('kevin'))

    2、center,ljust,rjust,zfill
    print('egon'.center(50,'*'))  让egon居中显示,不够用*填充
    print('egon'.ljust(50,'*'))  让egon左对齐,不够用*填充
    print('egon'.rjust(50,'*'))  让egon右对齐,不够用*填充
    print('egon'.zfill(50))  默认右对齐,不够用零填充

    3、captalize,swapcase,title
    print('my name is kevin'.capitalize())  让首字母大写
    print('AaBbCc'.swapcase())  让大写变小写,小写变大写
    print('my name is kevin'.title())  让单词的首字母大写

    4、is其他
    name='egon123'
    print(name.isalnum()) #字符串由字母或数字组成
    print(name.isalpha()) #字符串只由字母组成

    print(name.islower())  判断是否全是小写
    print(name.isupper())  判断是否全是大写
    name=' '
    print(name.isspace())  判断是否是空格组成
    msg='I Am Egon'
    print(msg.istitle())  判断单词首字母是否大写




    ======================================该类型总结====================================
    存一个值

    有序

    不可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变==不可hash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变==可hash)
    x='aaa'
    print(id(x))
    x='bbb'
    print(id(x))
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huangchaonan/p/9995579.html
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