一个简单的Web UI自动化测试框架Java实现

简介

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这个框架的名字叫OAT,全称Object-Oriented  Automation Test.这个框架的思想借助于Tellurium框架.他的主要功能是将页面信息及行为存储在Java 对象中,然后在脚本中引用页面的行为.自动化程序最终由许多的页面行为组成.这个框架默认使用Selenium1驱动,并且可以通过编程使用其他驱动,因 为OAT是面向接口的.

 

以下以google home page的demo为例,介绍这个基于Annoation和反射的框架基本运行原理.

 

page对象

 

//存储页面URL
@OatPage("webhp")
public class GooglePage extends Page{
    @Element("q") // 搜索输入框的定位符
    private TextField textField;
    @Element("btnG") // 搜索按钮的定位符
    private Button searchButton;

    // TextField和Button有共同的祖先类Element
    public TextField getTextField() {
        return textField;
    }
    public Button getSearchButton() {
        return searchButton;
    }
    //进行一次搜索
    public void doSearch(String q){
        this.textField.type(q);
        this.searchButton.click();
    }

}

 TextField和button类

 

// Element子类,有自己独特的行为
public class TextField extends Element {

    public void type(String value) {
        vendor.type(locator, value);
    }

    public boolean idEditable(){
        return vendor.isEditable(locator);
    }

    public String getValue() {
        return vendor.getAttribute(locator);
    }

}
// 同样是Element的子类,有自己行为
public class Button extends Element {


    public void click() {
        vendor.click(locator);
    }

    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Page page){
        click();
        page.waitToLoad();
    }

    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Page page, long timeout) {
        click();
        page.waitToLoad(timeout);
    }

    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Element element, long timeout) {
        click();
        element.waitToLoad(timeout);
    }

    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Element element) {
        clickAndWaitToLoad(element, ELEMENT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
    }

}

 

 

自动化测试脚本代码

 

import junit.framework.Assert;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSelenium;
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.Selenium;

public class GoogleSearchTestExample1 {

    private String serverUrl = "localhost";
    private int serverPort = 4444;
    private String browserCommand = "googlechrome";
    private String url = "http://www.google.com.hk";

    private GooglePage page;
    private GoogleResultPage resultPage;
    private Selenium selenium;
    private Oat oat;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        // 初始化selenium
        selenium = new DefaultSelenium(serverUrl,serverPort,browserCommand, url);
        // Oat类是框架总的控制器,设置Selenium为背后的驱动
        oat = Oat.getInstance(selenium);
        oat.start();
        oat.open("/webhp");
        // 初始化被测试页面
        page = (GooglePage) oat.getPage(GooglePage.class);
        resultPage = (GoogleResultPage) oat.getPage(GoogleResultPage.class);

    }

    @Test
    public void testSearch() throws InterruptedException {
        // 在google页面收入"oat"进行搜索
                page.doSearch("oat");
        page.waitToLoad(2000);
        // 在结构页面进行验证
        boolean result = resultPage.isTextPresent("oat");
        Assert.assertTrue("Text oat is present", result);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        oat.stop();
        oat = null;
        page = null;
        selenium = null;
    }

}

 

Oat.getInstance(Object engine):用于获取真正的Driver:

//可以根据传入的不同engine,实例化不同的Vendor
public static Oat getInstance(Object engine) {
        if(instance == null) {
            synchronized(Oat.class) {
                if(instance == null) {

                    String vendorTypeStr = getVendorTypeStr();

                    try {
                        Class<?> vendorType = Class.forName(vendorTypeStr);
                        Vendor vendor = getVendor(vendorType, engine);
                        instance = new Oat();
                        instance.vendor = vendor;

                    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException("Not Found vendor " + vendorTypeStr, e);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return instance;
    }

 

Oat.getPage()方法详解

public Page getPage(Class<? extends Page> pageType) {
        Page page = null;

        page = initialize(pageType);
        page.setVendor(vendor);

    }

private Page initialize(Class<? extends Page> pageType) {
                //读取page类中的annotation
        OatPage anno = pageType.getAnnotation(OatPage.class);

        if(anno == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Please add com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.OatPage annotation in Page class!");
        }

        Page page = null;
        try {
            page = pageType.newInstance();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Page Class must have a non-parameter constructor.", e);
        }

        Class<?> tempType = pageType;

        while(tempType != null) {
            Field[] fields = tempType.getDeclaredFields();

            for(Field field : fields ) {

                com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.Element annotation =
                    field.getAnnotation(com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.Element.class);

                if(annotation == null) {
                    continue;
                }

                Class<?> fieldClazz = field.getType();
                // 只处理Element的子类
                Class<? extends Element> elementClazz = fieldClazz.asSubclass(Element.class);

                String locator = annotation.value();

                field.setAccessible(true);
                                //使用反射初始化Page类的各个Element子类,并赋予Locator值

                try {
                    field.set(page, getElement(elementClazz, locator));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("set Element " + field.getName() + " error", e);
                }
            }

            tempType = tempType.getSuperclass();
        }

        return page;

    }
//用于初始化Page类中的各个Element子类
private Element getElement(Class<? extends Element> elementType, String locator) {
        Element element = null;
        try {
            element = elementType.newInstance();
            element.setLocator(locator);
            element.setVendor(vendor);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return element;
    }

 

 

 

以上就是一个完整的基于Selenium driver的框架实现.以下是我们的Vendor接口:

public interface Vendor {

    public void start();
    public void stop();
    public void open(String url);
    public void openWindow(String url, String windowId);
    public void type(String locator, String value);
    public void check(String locator);
    public void uncheck(String locator);
    public boolean isChecked(String locator);
    public boolean isEditable(String locator);
    public void select(String selectLocator, String optionLocator);
    public String getSelectedLabel(String locator);
    public String[] getSelectedLabels(String locator);
    public boolean isSelected(String label);
    public void submit(String formLocator);
    public void click(String locator);
    public boolean isTextPresent(String pattern);
    public boolean isElementPresent(String locator);
    public void waitForPageToLoad(String timeout);
    public void windowFocus(String windowId);
    public String getAttribute(String attributeLocator);
    public String getTableCellValue(String locator, int row, int col);
    public void waitForElementToLoad(String locator, String timeout);
    public String getLocation();
}

 以下是seleniumVendor的实现:

public class SeleniumVendor extends VendorTemplate<Selenium> {

    @Override
    protected Selenium createEngine(VendorAttribute attribute) {
        return new DefaultSelenium(
                attribute.getHost(),
                attribute.getPort(),
                attribute.getBrowser(),
                attribute.getUrl());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isTextPresent(String pattern) {
        return engine.isTextPresent(pattern);
    }

    @Override
    public void open(String url) {
        engine.open(url);

    }

    @Override
    public void select(String selectLocator, String optionLocator) {
        engine.select(selectLocator, optionLocator);
    }

    @Override
    public void start() {
        engine.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        engine.stop();
    }

    @Override
    public void submit(String formLocator) {
        engine.submit(formLocator);

    }

    @Override
    public void type(String locator, String value) {
        engine.type(locator, value);
    }

    @Override
    public void click(String locator) {
        engine.click(locator);

    }

    @Override
    public void waitForPageToLoad(String timeout) {
        engine.waitForPageToLoad(timeout);

    }

    @Override
    public void windowFocus(String windowId) {
        engine.selectWindow(windowId);
        engine.windowFocus();
    }

    @Override
    public void openWindow(String url, String windowId) {
        engine.openWindow(url, windowId);
    }

    @Override
    public void check(String locator) {
        engine.check(locator);

    }

    @Override
    public String getAttribute(String attributeLocator) {
        return engine.getAttribute(attributeLocator);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isElementPresent(String locator) {
        return engine.isElementPresent(locator);
    }

    @Override
    public void uncheck(String locator) {
        engine.uncheck(locator);

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isChecked(String locator) {
        return engine.isChecked(locator);
    }

    @Override
    public String getSelectedLabel(String locator) {
        return engine.getSelectedLabel(locator);
    }

    @Override
    public String[] getSelectedLabels(String locator) {
        return engine.getSelectedLabels(locator);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSelected(String label) {
        return engine.isSomethingSelected(label);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEditable(String locator) {
        return engine.isEditable(locator);
    }

    @Override
    public String getTableCellValue(String locator, int row, int col) {
        return engine.getTable(locator + "." + String.valueOf(row)+ "." +String.valueOf(col));
    }

    @Override
    public void waitForElementToLoad(String locator, String timeout) {
        String script = "selenium.isElementPresent("" + locator + "")";
        engine.waitForCondition(script, timeout);
    }

    @Override
    public String getLocation() {
        return engine.getLocation();
    }


}

 

如果我们需要改成其他Dirver,新建立一个Vendor的实现类即可