一、安装系统
1、下载（Minimal ISO）http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso
2、使用vmware进行安装（略）
3、查看系统版本：cat /etc/redhat-release
二、基本配置
1、网络配置
a、网卡配置文件目录：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
b、安装ifconfig：yum install net-tools
c、查看网卡信息：ifconfig , ip address,ip -s link ,ip link
2、安装wget
yum install wget
3、配置yum源:http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html
a、首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo：mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
b、进入目录：cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
c、下载文件：wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
d、运行命令生成缓存：yum clean all,yum makecache
4、安装vim:yum install -y vim
5、安装ssh服务（默认已经安装，如果系统为桌面版，需要手动安装）
yum install openssh-server
systemctl start sshd.service
systemctl enable sshd.service
yum install openssh-clients(客户端)
6、ssh客户端连接服务端：ssh user@host_ip
a、通过host连接服务端
cd ~/.ssh
vim config
host "205"
HostName 192.168.8.205
User root
Port 22
host "205_1"
HostName 192.168.8.205
User root
Port 22
连接：ssh 205 或 ssh 205_1都可以连接到192.168.8.205
b、密钥连接
客户端生成密钥文件
cd ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen(生成私钥和公钥)
将生成的密钥中公钥字符串写入被管理服务器 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中(ssh-copy-id user@host_ip)
登录：ssh user@host_ip
c、xshell密钥连接
工具--》用户密钥管理者--》生成
将生成的密钥中公钥字符串写入被管理服务器 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中，然后xshell连接时选择Public key
7、修改ssh默认端口：vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config 取消注释 #Port 22，改成想设置成的端口号，可以同时监听多个端口
三、常用命令
软件包管理器
清除未安装完任务
yum -y install yum-utils
yum clean all
yum-complete-transaction
yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only
安装软件：yum install XXX
卸载软件：yum remove XXX
搜索软件：yum serach XXX
清理缓存：yum clean packages
列出已安装：yum list
软件包信息：yum info XXX
硬件资源
内存：free -m
硬盘：df -h
负载：w/top
cpu：cat /proc/cpuinfo
磁盘格式化：fdisk
linux文件目录结构
根目录/ 家目录/home 临时目录 /tmp 配置目录/etc 用户程序目录/usr
vim
gg行首
G行尾
dd删除行
u撤销
yy复制行
p粘贴
从文件尾部开始读tail 从文件头部读head 读取整个文件cat 分页读取more 可控分页less 搜索关键字grep 查找文件find 统计个数wc
find
find path -name 文件名，find path -type 文件类型（d 目录，f 文件），find path -size ,find . -ctime -20 (20天内有修改的)，find . -type f -name "imooc" -exec rm {}
tar
(-c: 建立压缩档案,-x：解压,-t：查看内容,-r：向压缩归档文件末尾追加文件,-u：更新原压缩包中的文件)
(-z：有gzip属性的,-j：有bz2属性的,-Z：有compress属性的)
(-v：显示所有过程)
(-f：使用档案名字，切记，这个参数是最后一个参数，后面只能接档案名)
用户操作
useradd username 添加用户
passwd username 设置密码
userdel -r(删除/home目录下的家目录) username
firewall
yum install firewall 安装
systemctl status firewalld 查看状态
systemctl start/stop firewalld 启动或关闭
systemctl enable/disable firewalld 开机启动设置
systemctl list-unit-files |grep firewalld 查看是否开机启动
firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent （--permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效）
visodu
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
%username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
文件上传
scp filename username@host_ip:dir (filename是本地文件，username是目标服务器用户，host_ip是目标服务器ip，dir是目标服务器目录)
文件下载
scp username@host_ip:dir/filename dir(本地目录)
xshell文件传输：服务器上安装 yum install lrzsz,rz客户端到服务器，sz filename服务器到客户机
四、服务部署
1、apache
yum install httpd
配置虚拟主机/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf：
ServerName www.hg.com
DocumentRoot /data/www
<Directory "/data/www">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</VirtualHost>
ServerName www.hg.com
DocumentRoot /data/www
<Directory "/data/www">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^(.*).htmp$ index.html
</IfModule>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
Pre-Built Packages for Stable version To set up the yum repository for RHEL/CentOS, create the file named /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo with the following contents: [nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 Replace “OS” with “rhel” or “centos”, depending on the distribution used, and “OSRELEASE” with “6” or “7”, for 6.x or 7.x versions, respectively.
yum install nginx
配置/etc/nginx/conf.d/xxx.conf
server { listen 80; listen 9999; server_name www.hg.com; location / { root /data/www; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } }
伪静态
server { listen 80; listen 9999; server_name www.hg.com www.hg1.com; root /data/www; index index.html index.htm; location / { rewrite ^(.*).htmp$ /index.html; } }
日志配置/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5893499.html
http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }
负载均衡
upstream server_host{ server 192.168.8.205:80 weight=2; server 192.168.8.205:9999; server 192.168.8.205:8888; } server { listen 8888; server_name www.hg205.com; root /data/www; index index.html index.htm; location / { #rewrite ^(.*).htmp$ /index.html; #proxy_set_header Host www.baidu.com; #proxy_pass http://server_host; } } server { listen 9999; server_name 192.168.8.205; root /data/www1; index index.html index.htm; location / { #rewrite ^(.*).htmp$ /index.html; #proxy_set_header Host www.baidu.com; #proxy_pass http://server_host; } } server { listen 80; server_name www.hg205.com; location / { proxy_pass http://server_host; } }
3、mysql 官方安装文档：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html
centos7黙认安装了MariaDB，卸载：yum remove
cd /tmp wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
sudo yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm（执行后，/etc/yum.repos.d目录下会有mysql-community.repo）
查看版本状态：yum repolist all | grep mysql （黙认安装mysql8,无需进行下面的设置）
shell> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community
安装：sudo yum install mysql-community-server
查看root默认密码：sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
登录：shell> mysql -uroot -p
修改密码：mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
远程登录：mysql>use mysql,select * from user G;,select host,user from user;,update user set host="%" where user="root";flush privileges;
防火墙开放mysql:sudo firewall-cmd --add-service="mysql" --permanent,sudo firewall-cmd --reload
开启日志记录：mysql>set global general_log_file="/tmp/mysql_general.log", set global general_log=on;
忘记root密码：修改/etc/my.conf，插入skip-grant-tables，update user set authentication_string = password("123456") where user="root"
4、memcached
yum install memcached
5、redis
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz(链接可以去官网复制)
tar -xzvf redis-5.0.3.tar.gz
mv redis-5.0.3 /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/redis-5.0.3
make
配置成systemctl服务
cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
vim redis.service
[Unit] Description=Redis After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-5.0.3/redis.conf --daemonize no ExecSop=/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/src/redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 shutdown [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
刷新配置 systemctl daemon-reload
启动服务 systemctl start redis
停止服务 systemctl stop redis
开机启动 systemctl enable redis
redis.conf配置（/usr/local/redis-5.0.3/redis.conf）
daemonize yes
protected-mode no
6、git
yum install git
7、php
8、java
9、python
10、服务管理
crontab定时任务
ntp
yum install ntp
natdate cn.pool.ntp.org
logrotate
supervisor
pip install supervisor
mkdir /etc/supervisor
su root
echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisor/supervisor.conf
11、zabbix