synchronized是Java中的关键字，是一种同步锁。它修饰的对象有以下几种：
1. 修饰一个代码块，被修饰的代码块称为同步语句块，其作用的范围是大括号{}括起来的代码，作用的对象是调用这个代码块的对象；
2. 修饰一个方法，被修饰的方法称为同步方法，其作用的范围是整个方法，作用的对象是调用这个方法的对象；
3. 修改一个静态的方法，其作用的范围是整个静态方法，作用的对象是这个类的所有对象；
4. 修改一个类，其作用的范围是synchronized后面括号括起来的部分，作用主的对象是这个类的所有对象。
修饰代码块
package com.qhong; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { SyncThread syncThread = new SyncThread(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(syncThread, "SyncThread1"); Thread thread2 = new Thread(syncThread, "SyncThread2"); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); } } class SyncThread implements Runnable { private static int count; public SyncThread() { count = 0; } public void run() { synchronized(this) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++)); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } public int getCount() { return count; } }
结果：
SyncThread1:0 SyncThread1:1 SyncThread1:2 SyncThread1:3 SyncThread1:4 SyncThread2:5 SyncThread2:6 SyncThread2:7 SyncThread2:8 SyncThread2:9
当两个并发线程(thread1和thread2)访问同一个对象(syncThread)中的synchronized代码块时，
在同一时刻只能有一个线程得到执行，另一个线程受阻塞，必须等待当前线程执行完这个代码块以后才能执行该代码块。
Thread1和thread2是互斥的，因为在执行synchronized代码块时会锁定当前的对象，只有执行完该代码块才能释放该对象锁，下一个线程才能执行并锁定该对象。
我们再把SyncThread的调用稍微改一下：
package com.qhong; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread thread1 = new Thread(new SyncThread(), "SyncThread1"); Thread thread2 = new Thread(new SyncThread(), "SyncThread2"); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); } } class SyncThread implements Runnable { private static int count; public SyncThread() { count = 0; } public void run() { synchronized(this) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++)); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } public int getCount() { return count; } }
Result:
SyncThread1:0 SyncThread2:1 SyncThread2:2 SyncThread1:3 SyncThread1:4 SyncThread2:5 SyncThread1:6 SyncThread2:6 SyncThread2:7 SyncThread1:7
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修饰对象
package com.qhong; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Account account = new Account("zhang san", 10000.0f); AccountOperator accountOperator = new AccountOperator(account); final int THREAD_NUM = 5; Thread threads[] = new Thread[THREAD_NUM]; for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i ++) { threads[i] = new Thread(accountOperator, "Thread" + i); threads[i].start(); } } } /** * 银行账户类 */ class Account { String name; float amount; public Account(String name, float amount) { this.name = name; this.amount = amount; } //存钱 public void deposit(float amt) { amount += amt; try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //取钱 public void withdraw(float amt) { amount -= amt; try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public float getBalance() { return amount; } } /** * 账户操作类 */ class AccountOperator implements Runnable{ private Account account; public AccountOperator(Account account) { this.account = account; } public void run() { synchronized (account) { account.deposit(500); account.withdraw(500); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + account.getBalance()); } } }
Result:
Thread1:10000.0 Thread4:10000.0 Thread3:10000.0 Thread2:10000.0 Thread0:10000.0
当没有明确的对象作为锁，只是想让一段代码同步时，可以创建一个特殊的对象来充当锁：
private byte[] lock = new byte[0]; // 特殊的instance变量 public void method() { synchronized(lock) { // todo 同步代码块 } }
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修饰一个方法：
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修饰一个静态方法：
package com.qhong; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { SyncThread syncThread1 = new SyncThread(); SyncThread syncThread2 = new SyncThread(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(syncThread1, "SyncThread1"); Thread thread2 = new Thread(syncThread2, "SyncThread2"); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); } } class SyncThread implements Runnable { private static int count; public SyncThread() { count = 0; } public synchronized static void method() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) { try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++)); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public synchronized void run() { method(); } }
Result:
SyncThread2:0 SyncThread2:1 SyncThread2:2 SyncThread2:3 SyncThread2:4 SyncThread1:5 SyncThread1:6 SyncThread1:7 SyncThread1:8 SyncThread1:9
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修饰一个类：
package com.qhong; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { SyncThread syncThread1 = new SyncThread(); SyncThread syncThread2 = new SyncThread(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(syncThread1, "SyncThread1"); Thread thread2 = new Thread(syncThread2, "SyncThread2"); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); } } class SyncThread implements Runnable { private static int count; public SyncThread() { count = 0; } public static void method() { synchronized(SyncThread.class) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) { try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++)); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } public synchronized void run() { method(); } }
Result:
SyncThread1:0 SyncThread1:1 SyncThread1:2 SyncThread1:3 SyncThread1:4 SyncThread2:5 SyncThread2:6 SyncThread2:7 SyncThread2:8 SyncThread2:9