首先关系数据库与mongo的一些概念对应
一。数据库：
1.创建数据库（切换数据库）
use 数据库名称
2.删除数据库
db.dropDatabase()//会删除当前所在数据库，所以删除前用use先切换到要删除的数据库
例子：
但是通过show dbs查看现有数据库时看不到，因为你还没创建表，如果创建了表，就看得见数据库了。
二、表
1.创建表及删除表
1.4 db.createCollection('collectionName'); //创建collection，创建表
1.5 collection 允许隐式创建
db.collectionName.insert(document);
1.6 db.collectionName.drop(); /删除collection，删除表
例子：创建表及显示表
删除表，再看看，就没有了：
三、基本的增删改查
插入行
1.插入user表，查询表
db.user.insert({name:'lisi',age:22})
运行结果：
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find();//
运行结果：
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d73077c71b815674de4d152"), "name" : "lisi", "age" : 22 }
(2) 指定生成id
> db.user.insert({_id:2,name:'wangwu',age:25})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d73077c71b815674de4d152"), "name" : "lisi", "age" : 22 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 25 }
（3）插入多重对象
> db.user.insert({_id:3,name:'xiaobing',hobby:['basketball','football'],intro:{'title':'My intro','content':'from china'}});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d73077c71b815674de4d152"), "name" : "lisi", "age" : 22 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 25 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "xiaobing", "hobby" : [ "basketball", "football" ], "intro" : { "title" : "My intro", "content" : "from china" } }
>
（4） 1其实mongodb不需要声明表,可直接写入表数据,即可创建成功!
> show tables; user > db.goods.insert({_id:1,name:'oppoR11',price:'3000'}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > show tables; goods user > db.goods.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "oppoR11", "price" : "3000" }
删除行：
修改行：
更新行：
其他：随用随查
[sql] view plain copy MongoDb 命令查询所有数据库列表 CODE: > show dbs 如果想查看当前连接在哪个数据库下面，可以直接输入db CODE: > db Admin 想切换到test数据库下面 CODE: > use test switched to db test > db Test 想查看test下有哪些表或者叫collection，可以输入 CODE: > show collections system.indexes user 想知道mongodb支持哪些命令，可以直接输入help CODE: > help Dos代码 收藏代码 HELP show dbs show database names show collections show collections in current database show users show users in current database show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms use <db name> set curent database to <db name> db.help() help on DB methods db.foo.help() help on collection methods db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1 it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate 如果想知道当前数据库支持哪些方法： CODE: > db.help(); Java代码 收藏代码 DB methods: db.addUser(username, password) 添加数据库授权用户 db.auth(username, password) 访问认证 db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) 克隆数据库 db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost) 复制数据库 db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } ) 创建表 db.currentOp() displays the current operation in the db db.dropDatabase() 删除当前数据库 db.eval_r(func, args) run code server-side db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname db.getCollectionNames() 获取当前数据库的表名 db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object db.getMongo() get the server connection object db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow this connection to read from the nonmaster member of a replica pair db.getName() db.getPrevError() db.getProfilingLevel() db.getReplicationInfo() db.getSisterDB(name) get the db at the same server as this onew db.killOp() kills the current operation in the db db.printCollectionStats() 打印各表的状态信息 db.printReplicationInfo() 打印主数据库的复制状态信息 db.printSlaveReplicationInfo() 打印从数据库的复制状态信息 db.printShardingStatus() 打印分片状态信息 db.removeUser(username) 删除数据库用户 db.repairDatabase() 修复数据库 db.resetError() db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 } db.setProfilingLevel(level) 0=off 1=slow 2=all db.shutdownServer() db.version() current version of the server 如果想知道当前数据库下的表或者表collection支持哪些方法，可以使用一下命令如： CODE: > db.user.help(); user为表名 Java代码 收藏代码 DBCollection help db.foo.count() 统计表的行数 db.foo.dataSize() 统计表数据的大小 db.foo.distinct( key ) - eg. db.foo.distinct( 'x' ) 按照给定的条件除重 db.foo.drop() drop the collection 删除表 db.foo.dropIndex(name) 删除指定索引 db.foo.dropIndexes() 删除所有索引 db.foo.ensureIndex(keypattern,options) - options should be an object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDups 增加索引 db.foo.find( [query] , [fields]) - first parameter is an optional query filter. second parameter is optional set of fields to return. 根据条件查找数据 ----------------------- 通过条件查询： db.foo.find( { x : 77 } , { name : 1 , x : 1 } ) ----------------------------- db.foo.find(...).count() db.foo.find(...).limit(n) 根据条件查找数据并返回指定记录数 db.foo.find(...).skip(n) db.foo.find(...).sort(...) 查找排序 db.foo.findOne([query]) 根据条件查询只查询一条数据 db.foo.getDB() get DB object associated with collection 返回表所属的库 db.foo.getIndexes() 显示表的所有索引 db.foo.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } ) 根据条件分组 db.foo.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params> ) db.foo.remove(query) 根据条件删除数据 db.foo.renameCollection( newName ) renames the collection 重命名表 db.foo.save(obj) 保存数据 db.foo.stats() 查看表的状态 db.foo.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collection 查询分配到表空间大小 db.foo.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexes 查询所有索引的大小 db.foo.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexes 查询表的总大小 db.foo.update(query, object[, upsert_bool]) 根据条件更新数据 db.foo.validate() - SLOW 验证表的详细信息 db.foo.getShardVersion() - only for use with sharding Mongodb的备份工具mongodump 如果想备份数据库test 如： CODE: [falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongodump --help options: --help produce help message -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod data files in this path, instead of connecting to a mongod instance -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) -o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory [falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongodump -d test -o test/ connected to: 127.0.0.1 DATABASE: test to test/test test.user to test/test/user.bson 100000 objects test.system.indexes to test/test/system.indexes.bson 1 objects [falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ls 2 mongo mongodump mongofiles mongorestore mongosniff dump mongod mongoexport mongoimport mongos test MongoDB的数据恢复工具mongorestore 查看test库中的表 CODE: > show collections system.indexes User 删除user表 CODE: > db.user.drop(); True > show collections System.indexes 现在利用mongorestore表恢复刚才利用mongodump备份的数据 CODE: [falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongorestore --help usage: ./mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from] options: --help produce help message -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod data files in this path, instead of connecting to a mongod instance -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) [falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongorestore -d test -c user test/test/user.bson connected to: 127.0.0.1 test/test/user.bson going into namespace [test.user] 100000 objects User表中的10w条记录已经恢复 CODE: > show collections system.indexes user > db.user.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347000000"), "uid" : 1, "username" : "Falcon.C-1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347010000"), "uid" : 2, "username" : "Falcon.C-2" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347020000"), "uid" : 3, "username" : "Falcon.C-3" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347030000"), "uid" : 4, "username" : "Falcon.C-4" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347040000"), "uid" : 5, "username" : "Falcon.C-5" } ................. has more 1. 超级用户相关： #增加或修改用户密码 db.addUser('admin','pwd') #查看用户列表 db.system.users.find() #用户认证 db.auth('admin','pwd') #删除用户 db.removeUser('mongodb') #查看所有用户 show users #查看所有数据库 show dbs #查看所有的collection show collections #查看各collection的状态 db.printCollectionStats() #查看主从复制状态 db.printReplicationInfo() #修复数据库 db.repairDatabase() #设置记录profiling，0=off 1=slow 2=all db.setProfilingLevel(1) #查看profiling show profile #拷贝数据库 db.copyDatabase('mail_addr','mail_addr_tmp') #删除collection db.mail_addr.drop() #删除当前的数据库 db.dropDatabase() 2. 客户端连接 /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo user_addr -u user -p 'pwd' 3. 增删改 #存储嵌套的对象 db.foo.save({'name':'ysz','address':{'city':'beijing','post':100096},'phone':[138,139]}) #存储数组对象 db.user_addr.save({'Uid':'yushunzhi@sohu.com','Al':['test-1@sohu.com','test-2@sohu.com']}) #根据query条件修改，如果不存在则插入，允许修改多条记录 db.foo.update({'yy':5},{'$set':{'xx':2}},upsert=true,multi=true) #删除yy=5的记录 db.foo.remove({'yy':5}) #删除所有的记录 db.foo.remove() 4. 索引 增加索引：1(ascending),-1(descending) db.things.ensureIndex({firstname: 1, lastname: 1}, {unique: true}); #索引子对象 db.user_addr.ensureIndex({'Al.Em': 1}) #查看索引信息 db.deliver_status.getIndexes() db.deliver_status.getIndexKeys() #根据索引名删除索引 db.user_addr.dropIndex('Al.Em_1') 5. 查询 查找所有 db.foo.find() #查找一条记录 db.foo.findOne() #根据条件检索10条记录 db.foo.find({'msg':'Hello 1'}).limit(10) #sort排序 db.deliver_status.find({'From':'yushunzhi@sohu.com'}).sort({'Dt',-1}) db.deliver_status.find().sort({'Ct':-1}).limit(1) #count操作 db.user_addr.count() #distinct操作 db.foo.distinct('msg') #>操作 db.foo.find({"timestamp": {"$gte" : 2}}) #子对象的查找 db.foo.find({'address.city':'beijing'}) 6. 管理 查看collection数据的大小 db.deliver_status.dataSize() #查看colleciont状态 db.deliver_status.stats() #查询所有索引的大小 db.deliver_status.totalIndexSize()
> db.help() DB methods: db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [just calls db.runCommand(...)] db.aggregate([pipeline], {options}) - performs a collectionless aggregation on this database; returns a cursor db.auth(username, password) db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) - deprecated db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost) - deprecated db.createCollection(name, {size: ..., capped: ..., max: ...}) db.createView(name, viewOn, [{$operator: {...}}, ...], {viewOptions}) db.createUser(userDocument) db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db db.dropDatabase() db.eval() - deprecated db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock() db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname db.getCollectionInfos([filter]) - returns a list that contains the names and options of the db's collections db.getCollectionNames() db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object db.getLogComponents() db.getMongo() get the server connection object db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server db.getName() db.getPrevError() db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold db.getReplicationInfo() db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherited from server object if set db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host db.isMaster() check replica primary status db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db db.listCommands() lists all the db commands db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js db.logout() db.printCollectionStats() db.printReplicationInfo() db.printShardingStatus() db.printSlaveReplicationInfo() db.dropUser(username) db.repairDatabase() db.resetError() db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into {cmdObj: 1} db.serverStatus() db.setLogLevel(level,<component>) db.setProfilingLevel(level,slowms) 0=off 1=slow 2=all db.setWriteConcern(<write concern doc>) - sets the write concern for writes to the db db.unsetWriteConcern(<write concern doc>) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output db.shutdownServer() db.stats() db.version() current version of the server