• Delphi XE10.1 引用计数


     

    以往的Delphi版本,不支持接口的Weak,和UnSafe的引用,支持对象的Weak, UnSafe,而且仅在Android和Ios平台上支持。

    现在Delphi XE10.1 Berlin终于增加了对接口的Weak, UnSafe的支持。

    1.Weak

    Weak引用,不影响引用计数器,但是如果对象被释放,Weak引用变量自动清0,来看例子:

    type
      TA=class(TInterfacedObject)
    
      end;
    
    procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
    var
      a:IInterface;
      [weak]aweak:IInterface;
    begin
      a:=TA.Create;   //创建对象,复制给a,执行完成后引用计数器=1
      aweak:=a;       //由于aweak定义有[weak]属性,所以赋值给aweak后,引用计数器依旧为1,但aweak变量的地址被保存到一个weak关联列表中
      Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aweak))]));
      a:=nil;         //由于引用计数器=1,执行此句后,计数器清0,对象被释放,同时与此对weak关联列表中所有变量也被赋值为nil,包括aweak变量.
      Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aweak))]));
    end;
    

      

    运行结果

    Ptr:16360080
    Ptr:0
    

    weak引用非常适合用于两个对象需要互相引用的情况下,如果以往的引用,将无法让引用计数器清0.

    如下面的例子,互相引用后,两个对象的计数器都不清0,导致内存泄漏

    type 
    ISimpleInterface = interface 
      procedure DoSomething; 
      procedure AddObjectRef (simple: ISimpleInterface); 
    end; 
    
    TObjectOne = class (TInterfacedObject, ISimpleInterface) 
    private 
      anotherObj: ISimpleInterface; 
    public 
      procedure DoSomething; 
      procedure AddObjectRef (simple: ISimpleInterface); 
    end;
    
    .....................
    
    procedure TObjectOne.AddObjectRef (simple: ISimpleInterface); 
    begin
      anotherObj:=simple;
    end;
    
    .....................
    
    var 
      one, two: ISimpleInterface; 
    begin 
      one := TObjectOne.Create; 
      two := TObjectOne.Create; 
      one.AddObjectRef (two); 
      two.AddObjectRef (one);
    

    这时候在Delphi XE10.1 Berlin下可以用weak引用,来快速方便的解决泄漏问题:

    private 
      [weak] anotherObj: ISimpleInterface;
    

      

    2.UnSafe

    unsafe引用,不影响引用计数,但不会向Weak引用那样清零引用的变量。

    type
      TA=class(TInterfacedObject)
    
      end;
    procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
    var
      a:IInterface;
      [unsafe]aunsafe:IInterface;
    begin
      a:=TA.Create;
      aunsafe:=a;
      Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aunsafe))]));
      a:=nil;
      Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aunsafe))]));
    end;
    

      

    运行结果

    Ptr:42640064
    Ptr:42640064
    

    由于Unsafe引用,不影响应用计数器,下面的程序将导致内存泄漏:

    procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); 
    var 
      [unsafe] one: ISomeInterface;
    begin 
      one := TSomeObject.Create; 
      one.DoSomething;
    end;
    

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hezihang/p/5536928.html
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