这次课程设计要完成的是制作一个基于51单片机的电子时钟的万年历（protues仿真），需要用到1602液晶屏+DS1302+DS18B20+按键等模块。各个的模块就不在一一介绍，直接讲解这个系统的功能，首先是四个按键，第一个按键是选中需要修改时间位置，在按一次选中下一个，依次类推，第二个按键是对数值进行加一，第三个按键对数值进行减一，第四个按键确认。
先放仿真图
然后是代码：
main.c
#include <REG52.H> #include <intrins.h> #define uint unsigned int #define uchar unsigned char sbit DS1302_CLK = P1^7; //实时时钟时钟线引脚 sbit DS1302_IO = P1^6; //实时时钟数据线引脚 sbit DS1302_RST = P1^5; //实时时钟复位线引脚 sbit wireless_1 = P3^0; sbit wireless_2 = P3^1; sbit wireless_3 = P3^2; sbit wireless_4 = P3^3; sbit ACC0 = ACC^0; sbit ACC7 = ACC^7; char hide_sec,hide_min,hide_hour,hide_day,hide_week,hide_month,hide_year; //秒,分,时到日,月,年位闪的计数 sbit Set = P2^0; //模式切换键 sbit Up = P2^1; //加法按钮 sbit Down = P2^2; //减法按钮 sbit out = P2^3; //立刻跳出调整模式按钮 sbit DQ = P1^0; //温度传送数据IO口 char done,count,temp,flag,up_flag,down_flag; uchar temp_value; //温度值 uchar TempBuffer[5],week_value[2]; void show_time(); //液晶显示程序 /***********1602液晶显示部分子程序****************/ //Port Definitions********************************************************** sbit LcdRs = P2^5; sbit LcdRw = P2^6; sbit LcdEn = P2^7; sfr DBPort = 0x80; //P0=0x80,P1=0x90,P2=0xA0,P3=0xB0.数据端口 //内部等待函数************************************************************************** unsigned char LCD_Wait(void) { LcdRs=0; LcdRw=1; _nop_(); LcdEn=1; _nop_(); LcdEn=0; return DBPort; } //向LCD写入命令或数据************************************************************ #define LCD_COMMAND 0 // Command #define LCD_DATA 1 // Data #define LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN 0x01 // 清屏 #define LCD_HOMING 0x02 // 光标返回原点 void LCD_Write(bit style, unsigned char input) { LcdEn=0; LcdRs=style; LcdRw=0; _nop_(); DBPort=input; _nop_();//注意顺序 LcdEn=1; _nop_();//注意顺序 LcdEn=0; _nop_(); LCD_Wait(); } //设置显示模式************************************************************ #define LCD_SHOW 0x04 //显示开 #define LCD_HIDE 0x00 //显示关 #define LCD_CURSOR 0x02 //显示光标 #define LCD_NO_CURSOR 0x00 //无光标 #define LCD_FLASH 0x01 //光标闪动 #define LCD_NO_FLASH 0x00 //光标不闪动 void LCD_SetDisplay(unsigned char DisplayMode) { LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x08|DisplayMode); } //设置输入模式************************************************************ #define LCD_AC_UP 0x02 #define LCD_AC_DOWN 0x00 // default #define LCD_MOVE 0x01 // 画面可平移 #define LCD_NO_MOVE 0x00 //default void LCD_SetInput(unsigned char InputMode) { LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x04|InputMode); } //初始化LCD************************************************************ void LCD_Initial() { LcdEn=0; LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38); //8位数据端口,2行显示,5*7点阵 LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38); LCD_SetDisplay(LCD_SHOW|LCD_NO_CURSOR); //开启显示, 无光标 LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN); //清屏 LCD_SetInput(LCD_AC_UP|LCD_NO_MOVE); //AC递增, 画面不动 } //液晶字符输入的位置************************ void GotoXY(unsigned char x, unsigned char y) { if(y==0) LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|x); if(y==1) LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|(x-0x40)); } //将字符输出到液晶显示 void Print(unsigned char *str) { while(*str!=' ') { LCD_Write(LCD_DATA,*str); str++; } } /***********DS1302时钟部分子程序******************/ typedef struct __SYSTEMTIME__ { unsigned char Second; unsigned char Minute; unsigned char Hour; unsigned char Week; unsigned char Day; unsigned char Month; unsigned char Year; unsigned char DateString[11]; unsigned char TimeString[9]; }SYSTEMTIME; //定义的时间类型 SYSTEMTIME CurrentTime; #define AM(X) X #define PM(X) (X+12) // 转成24小时制 #define DS1302_SECOND 0x80 //时钟芯片的寄存器位置,存放时间 #define DS1302_MINUTE 0x82 #define DS1302_HOUR 0x84 #define DS1302_WEEK 0x8A #define DS1302_DAY 0x86 #define DS1302_MONTH 0x88 #define DS1302_YEAR 0x8C void DS1302InputByte(unsigned char d) //实时时钟写入一字节(内部函数) { unsigned char i; ACC = d; for(i=8; i>0; i--) { DS1302_IO = ACC0; //相当于汇编中的 RRC DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_CLK = 0; ACC = ACC >> 1; } } unsigned char DS1302OutputByte(void) //实时时钟读取一字节(内部函数) { unsigned char i; for(i=8; i>0; i--) { ACC = ACC >>1; //相当于汇编中的 RRC ACC7 = DS1302_IO; DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_CLK = 0; } return(ACC); } void Write1302(unsigned char ucAddr, unsigned char ucDa) //ucAddr: DS1302地址, ucData: 要写的数据 { DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr); // 地址，命令 DS1302InputByte(ucDa); // 写1Byte数据 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; } unsigned char Read1302(unsigned char ucAddr) //读取DS1302某地址的数据 { unsigned char ucData; DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr|0x01); // 地址，命令 ucData = DS1302OutputByte(); // 读1Byte数据 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; return(ucData); } void DS1302_GetTime(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //获取时钟芯片的时钟数据到自定义的结构型数组 { unsigned char ReadValue; ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); Time->Second = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F); ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); Time->Minute = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F); ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); Time->Hour = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F); ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_DAY); Time->Day = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F); ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); Time->Week = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F); ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); Time->Month = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F); ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); Time->Year = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F); } void DateToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //将时间年,月,日,星期数据转换成液晶显示字符串,放到数组里DateString[] { if(hide_year<2) //这里的if,else语句都是判断位闪烁,<2显示数据,>2就不显示,输出字符串为 2007/07/22 { Time->DateString[0] = '2'; Time->DateString[1] = '0'; Time->DateString[2] = Time->Year/10 + '0'; Time->DateString[3] = Time->Year%10 + '0'; } else { Time->DateString[0] = ' '; Time->DateString[1] = ' '; Time->DateString[2] = ' '; Time->DateString[3] = ' '; } Time->DateString[4] = '/'; if(hide_month<2) { Time->DateString[5] = Time->Month/10 + '0'; Time->DateString[6] = Time->Month%10 + '0'; } else { Time->DateString[5] = ' '; Time->DateString[6] = ' '; } Time->DateString[7] = '/'; if(hide_day<2) { Time->DateString[8] = Time->Day/10 + '0'; Time->DateString[9] = Time->Day%10 + '0'; } else { Time->DateString[8] = ' '; Time->DateString[9] = ' '; } if(hide_week<2) { week_value[0] = Time->Week%10 + '0'; //星期的数据另外放到 week_value[]数组里,跟年,月,日的分开存放,因为等一下要在最后显示 } else { week_value[0] = ' '; } week_value[1] = ' '; Time->DateString[10] = ' '; //字符串末尾加 ' ' ,判断结束字符 } void TimeToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //将时,分,秒数据转换成液晶显示字符放到数组 TimeString[]; { if(hide_hour<2) { Time->TimeString[0] = Time->Hour/10 + '0'; Time->TimeString[1] = Time->Hour%10 + '0'; } else { Time->TimeString[0] = ' '; Time->TimeString[1] = ' '; } Time->TimeString[2] = ':'; if(hide_min<2) { Time->TimeString[3] = Time->Minute/10 + '0'; Time->TimeString[4] = Time->Minute%10 + '0'; } else { Time->TimeString[3] = ' '; Time->TimeString[4] = ' '; } Time->TimeString[5] = ':'; if(hide_sec<2) { Time->TimeString[6] = Time->Second/10 + '0'; Time->TimeString[7] = Time->Second%10 + '0'; } else { Time->TimeString[6] = ' '; Time->TimeString[7] = ' '; } Time->DateString[8] = ' '; } void Initial_DS1302(void) //时钟芯片初始化 { unsigned char Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); if(Second&0x80) //判断时钟芯片是否关闭 { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x8c,0x12); //以下写入初始化时间 日期:12/05/14.星期: 1. 时间: 23:59:55 Write1302(0x88,0x05); Write1302(0x86,0x14); Write1302(0x8a,0x01); Write1302(0x84,0x23); Write1302(0x82,0x59); Write1302(0x80,0x55); Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 } } /***********ds18b20子程序*************************/ /***********ds18b20延迟子函数（晶振12MHz ）*******/ void delay_18B20(unsigned int i) { while(i--); } /**********ds18b20初始化函数**********************/ void Init_DS18B20(void) { unsigned char x=0; DQ = 1; //DQ复位 delay_18B20(8); //稍做延时 DQ = 0; //单片机将DQ拉低 delay_18B20(80); //精确延时 大于 480us DQ = 1; //拉高总线 delay_18B20(14); x=DQ; //稍做延时后 如果x=0则初始化成功 x=1则初始化失败 delay_18B20(20); } /***********ds18b20读一个字节**************/ unsigned char ReadOneChar(void) { uchar i=0; uchar dat = 0; for (i=8;i>0;i--) { DQ = 0; // 给脉冲信号 dat>>=1; DQ = 1; // 给脉冲信号 if(DQ) dat|=0x80; delay_18B20(4); } return(dat); } /*************ds18b20写一个字节****************/ void WriteOneChar(uchar dat) { unsigned char i=0; for (i=8; i>0; i--) { DQ = 0; DQ = dat&0x01; delay_18B20(5); DQ = 1; dat>>=1; } } /**************读取ds18b20当前温度************/ void ReadTemp(void) { unsigned char a=0; unsigned char b=0; unsigned char t=0; Init_DS18B20(); WriteOneChar(0xCC); // 跳过读序号列号的操作 WriteOneChar(0x44); // 启动温度转换 delay_18B20(100); // this message is wery important Init_DS18B20(); WriteOneChar(0xCC); //跳过读序号列号的操作 WriteOneChar(0xBE); //读取温度寄存器等（共可读9个寄存器） 前两个就是温度 delay_18B20(100); a=ReadOneChar(); //读取温度值低位 b=ReadOneChar(); //读取温度值高位 temp_value=b<<4; temp_value+=(a&0xf0)>>4; } void temp_to_str() //温度数据转换成液晶字符显示 { TempBuffer[0]=temp_value/10+'0'; //十位 TempBuffer[1]=temp_value%10+'0'; //个位 TempBuffer[2]=0xdf; //温度符号 TempBuffer[3]='C'; TempBuffer[4]=' '; } void Delay1ms(unsigned int count) { unsigned int i,j; for(i=0;i<count;i++) for(j=0;j<120;j++); } /*延时子程序*/ void mdelay(uint delay) { uint i; for(;delay>0;delay--) {for(i=0;i<62;i++) //1ms延时. {;} } } void outkey() //跳出调整模式,返回默认显示 { uchar Second; if(out==0||wireless_1==1) { mdelay(8); count=0; hide_sec=0,hide_min=0,hide_hour=0,hide_day=0,hide_week=0,hide_month=0,hide_year=0; Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x80,Second&0x7f); Write1302(0x8E,0x80); //禁止写入 done=0; while(out==0); while(wireless_1==1); } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void Upkey()//升序按键 { Up=1; if(Up==0||wireless_2==1) { mdelay(8); switch(count) {case 1: temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); //读取秒数 temp=temp+1; //秒数加1 up_flag=1; //数据调整后更新标志 if((temp&0x7f)>0x59) //超过59秒,清零 temp=0; break; case 2: temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); //读取分数 temp=temp+1; //分数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x59) //超过59分,清零 temp=0; break; case 3: temp=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); //读取小时数 temp=temp+1; //小时数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x23) //超过23小时,清零 temp=0; break; case 4: temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); //读取星期数 temp=temp+1; //星期数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x7) temp=1; break; case 5: temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); //读取日数 temp=temp+1; //日数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x31) temp=1; break; case 6: temp=Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); //读取月数 temp=temp+1; //月数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x12) temp=1; break; case 7: temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); //读取年数 temp=temp+1; //年数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x85) temp=0; break; default:break; } while(Up==0); while(wireless_2==1); } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void Downkey()//降序按键 { Down=1; if(Down==0||wireless_3==1) { mdelay(8); switch(count) {case 1: temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); //读取秒数 temp=temp-1; //秒数减1 down_flag=1; //数据调整后更新标志 if(temp==0x7f) //小于0秒,返回59秒 temp=0x59; break; case 2: temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); //读取分数 temp=temp-1; //分数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp==-1) temp=0x59; //小于0秒,返回59秒 break; case 3: temp=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); //读取小时数 temp=temp-1; //小时数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp==-1) temp=0x23; break; case 4: temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); //读取星期数 temp=temp-1; //星期数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp==0) temp=0x7;; break; case 5: temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); //读取日数 temp=temp-1; //日数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp==0) temp=31; break; case 6: temp=Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); //读取月数 temp=temp-1; //月数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp==0) temp=12; break; case 7: temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); //读取年数 temp=temp-1; //年数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp==-1) temp=0x85; break; default:break; } while(Down==0); while(wireless_3==1); } } void Setkey()//模式选择按键 { Set=1; if(Set==0||wireless_4==1) { mdelay(8); count=count+1; //Setkey按一次,count就加1 done=1; //进入调整模式 while(Set==0); while(wireless_4==1); } } void keydone()//按键功能执行 { uchar Second; if(flag==0) //关闭时钟,停止计时 { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 temp=Read1302(0x80); Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80); Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 flag=1; } Setkey(); //扫描模式切换按键 switch(count) {case 1:do //count=1,调整秒 { outkey(); //扫描跳出按钮 Upkey(); //扫描加按钮 Downkey(); //扫描减按钮 if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) //数据更新，重新写入新的数据 { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80); //写入新的秒数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; } hide_sec++; //位闪计数 if(hide_sec>3) hide_sec=0; show_time(); //液晶显示数据 }while(count==2);break; case 2:do //count=2,调整分 { hide_sec=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(temp>0x60) temp=0; if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x82,temp); //写入新的分数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; } hide_min++; if(hide_min>3) hide_min=0; show_time(); }while(count==3);break; case 3:do //count=3,调整小时 { hide_min=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x84,temp); //写入新的小时数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; } hide_hour++; if(hide_hour>3) hide_hour=0; show_time(); }while(count==4);break; case 4:do //count=4,调整星期 { hide_hour=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x8a,temp); //写入新的星期数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; } hide_week++; if(hide_week>3) hide_week=0; show_time(); }while(count==5);break; case 5:do //count=5,调整日 { hide_week=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x86,temp); //写入新的日数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; } hide_day++; if(hide_day>3) hide_day=0; show_time(); }while(count==6);break; case 6:do //count=6,调整月 { hide_day=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x88,temp); //写入新的月数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; } hide_month++; if(hide_month>3) hide_month=0; show_time(); }while(count==7);break; case 7:do //count=7,调整年 { hide_month=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) { Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x8c,temp); //写入新的年数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; } hide_year++; if(hide_year>3) hide_year=0; show_time(); }while(count==8);break; case 8: count=0;hide_year=0; //count8, 跳出调整模式,返回默认显示状态 Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许 Write1302(0x80,Second&0x7f); Write1302(0x8E,0x80); //禁止写入 done=0; break; //count=7,开启中断,标志位置0并退出 default:break; } } void show_time() //液晶显示程序 { DS1302_GetTime(&CurrentTime); //获取时钟芯片的时间数据 TimeToStr(&CurrentTime); //时间数据转换液晶字符 DateToStr(&CurrentTime); //日期数据转换液晶字符 ReadTemp(); //开启温度采集程序 temp_to_str(); //温度数据转换成液晶字符 GotoXY(12,1); //液晶字符显示位置 Print(TempBuffer); //显示温度 GotoXY(0,1); Print(CurrentTime.TimeString); //显示时间 GotoXY(0,0); Print(CurrentTime.DateString); //显示日期 GotoXY(15,0); Print(week_value); //显示星期 GotoXY(11,0); Print("Week"); //在液晶上显示 字母 week Delay1ms(400); //扫描延时 } main() { flag=1; //时钟停止标志 LCD_Initial(); //液晶初始化 Init_DS18B20( ) ; //DS18B20初始化 Initial_DS1302(); //时钟芯片初始化 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; done=0; //进入默认液晶显示 wireless_1=0; wireless_2=0; wireless_3=0; wireless_4=0; while(1) { while(done==1) keydone(); //进入调整模式 while(done==0) { show_time(); //液晶显示数据 flag=0; Setkey(); //扫描各功能键 } } }
注意引脚，自己连的时候不要出错