GTK入门

环境准备

官网下载 GTK 源码包，因为本机 GLib 版本不够，下载一个非最新版的 GTK3.8.0 先学习用

直接阅读 "/gtk+-3.8.0/docs/reference/gtk/html/gtk-building.html" 进行操作

安装完毕，gtk3-demo 出来 gtk 的样例界面即安装搞定

实例学习

编译命令和编译脚本

编译参数包括 pkg-config --libs --cflags gtk+-3.0

为了方便，用脚本管理起来

build.sh

#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
    echo "usage: $0 [xxxx.c]"
    exit
fi
 
gcc -o $1_out $1 `pkg-config --libs --cflags gtk+-3.0`

一个简单的HelloWorld按钮

01_simple_button.c

#include <gtk/gtk.h>

// 回调函数1
void hello( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data )
{
    g_print("Hello World
");
}

// 回调函数2
void destroy( GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data )
{
    gtk_main_quit();
}

gint delete_event( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data )
{
    /**
     * 如果 "delete_event" 信号处理函数
     * 返回 FALSE，GTK 会发出 "destroy" 信号
     * 返回 TRUE，你不希望关闭窗口
     * 当希望弹出 "你确定要退出吗？" 对话框时可以用到
     */
    g_print("delete event occurred
");

    return FALSE;
}

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    // GtkWidget 是构件的存储类型
    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *button;

    /**
     * gtk_init 函数在所有的 GTK 程序都要调用
     * 参数由命令行中解析出并填充进来
     */
    gtk_init( &argc, &argv );

    window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL );

    /**
     * 当窗口收到 "delete_event" 信号(该信号由窗口管理器发出，
     * 通常是"关闭"选项或是标题栏上的关闭按钮发出的)
     * 我们让其调用在前面定义的 delete_event 函数
     * 传给回调函数的 data 参数值是 NULL，它会被回调函数忽略
     */
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "delete_event",
        G_CALLBACK( delete_event ), NULL );

    /**
     * 连接 "destroy" 事件到一个信号处理函数,对该窗口调用
     * gtk_widget_destroy 函数或在 "delete_event" 回调函数
     * 中返回 FALSE 值都会触发该事件
     */
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "destroy",
        G_CALLBACK( destroy ), NULL );

    // 设置窗口边框的宽度
    gtk_container_set_border_width ( GTK_CONTAINER(window), 10 );
    // 创建一个标签为 Hello World 的新按钮
    button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "Hello World" );

    // 当按钮触发 "clicked" 事件时,会调用回调函数 hello
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked",
        G_CALLBACK( hello ), "1" );

    // 当按钮触发 "clicked" 事件时,调用 gtk_widget_destroy(window)
    // 来关闭窗口,"destroy" 信号会从这里或从窗口管理器发出
    // g_signal_connect_swapped (G_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
    //     G_CALLBACK (gtk_widget_destroy),window);
    
    // 把按钮放入窗口(一个gtk容器)中
    gtk_container_add ( GTK_CONTAINER( window), button );
    
    // 显示新创建的按钮和窗口
    gtk_widget_show( button );
    gtk_widget_show( window );

    // 程序运行停在这里等待事件的发生(如键盘事件/鼠标事件)
    gtk_main();

    return 0;
}

两个按钮

02_two_buttons.c

#include <gtk/gtk.h>

// 改进回调函数,传递到该函数的数据将打印到标准输出中(stdout)
void callback( GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data )
{
    g_print( "%s", (gchar *) data );
}

// 回调函数2
gint delete_event( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data )
{
    gtk_main_quit();
    return FALSE;
}

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *button;
    GtkWidget *box1;

    gtk_init( &argc, &argv );
    window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL );
    
    // 设置窗口标题
    gtk_window_set_title( GTK_WINDOW( window ), "Hello Buttons!" );

    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "delete_event",
        G_CALLBACK( delete_event ), NULL );

    gtk_container_set_border_width( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), 20 );

    // 创建一个组装盒,组装盒非可见,它仅被作为排列构件的工具
    box1 = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 1 );
    // 把组装盒放入主窗口中
    gtk_container_add ( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), box1 );
    
    button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "Hello" );
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(callback), "hello");
    
    // 代替 gtk_container_add, 把按钮放入组装盒中, 组装盒已经放入窗口中了
    gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( box1 ), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0 );
    gtk_widget_show( button );

    button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "World" );
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(callback), "World");
    gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( box1 ), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0 );
    gtk_widget_show( button );

    button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "!" );
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(callback), "!");
    gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( box1 ), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0 );
    gtk_widget_show( button );

    gtk_widget_show( box1 );
    gtk_widget_show( window );
    
    gtk_main();

    return 0;
}

一图片和一按钮

03_image_and_button.c

#include "gtk/gtk.h"

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    GtkWidget* window;
    GtkWidget* vbox;
    GtkWidget* image;
    GtkWidget* button;
  
    gtk_init( &argc, &argv );
  
    window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_POPUP );
    gtk_window_set_title( GTK_WINDOW(window), "Splash窗口" );
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );
    
    // 设置窗口处于屏幕中央
    gtk_window_set_position( GTK_WINDOW( window ), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER );
    // gtk_container_set_border_width( GTK_CONTAINER(window), 20 );
  
    vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0);
    gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox );
    
    image = gtk_image_new_from_file("gnome-desktop.png");
    gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX(vbox), image, FALSE, FALSE, 0 );
  
    button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "Splash窗口" );
    g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );
  
    gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( vbox ), button, FALSE, FALSE, 0 );
    gtk_widget_show_all( window );
  
    gtk_main();

    return FALSE;
}

可前进后退的提示窗口

04_notify_window.c

#include <gtk/gtk.h>

// XPM格式图像数据
static char * book_open_xml[] = {
	"16 16 4 1",
	" c None s None",
	". c black",
	"X c #808080",
	"o c white",
	" ",
	" .. ",
	" .Xo. ... ",
	" .Xoo. ..oo. ",
	" .Xooo.Xooo... ",
	" .Xooo.oooo.X. ",
	" .Xooo.Xooo.X. ",
	" .Xooo.oooo.X. ",
	" .Xooo.Xooo.X. ",
	" .Xooo.oooo.X. ",
	" .Xoo.Xoo..X. ",
	" .Xo.o..ooX. ",
	" .X..XXXXX. ",
	" ..X....... ",
	" .. ",
	" "
};

// 自定义提示
static gchar *info[5] = {
   "此软件用于测试每日提示功能的实现，如果你发现问题请及时回复。",
   "我们的目的是把GTK+2.0的大多数功能奉献给每一位自由软件爱好者和开发者。",
   "每一位Linux的支持者都会让我们增加一分信心，Linux最终仍是台式计算机操作系统。",
   "计算机软件技术是一种科学技术，它和人类历史上其他的科学技术一样，是允许每一人自由使用的。",
   "当前你测试完此程序后，请设法把它附加到你创作的软件当中去，这是你成功的第一步。"
};

static GtkWidget *window;			// 主窗口
static GtkWidget *frame;			// 框架
static GtkWidget *pre_button;		// 上一提示按钮
static GtkWidget *next_button;		// 下一提示按钮
static GtkWidget *label;			// 提示信息内容标签
static GtkWidget *title;			// 框架标题

gint current_info = 0;				// 当前提示信息计数

// 创建框架控件标题
GtkWidget* create_title( GtkWidget *data )
{
	GtkWindow *title;
	GtkWindow *hbox;
	GtkWindow *image;
	GtkWindow *label;
	GtkWindow *pixmap;
	GtkWindow *mask;
	GdkWindow *window;

	pixmap = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_xpm_data ( book_open_xml );
	image = gtk_image_new_from_pixbuf( pixmap );
	label = gtk_label_new( "新的标题" );
	hbox = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 0 );

	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), image, FALSE, FALSE, 2 );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), label, FALSE, FALSE, 2 );

	return hbox;
}

GtkWidget* create_button( gchar* stockid, gchar* title )
{
	GtkWidget *button;
	GtkWidget *image;
	GtkWidget *label;
	GtkWidget *hbox;

	image = gtk_image_new_from_stock( stockid, GTK_ICON_SIZE_MENU );
	label = gtk_label_new( title );
	hbox = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 0 );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), image, FALSE, FALSE, 3 );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), label, FALSE, FALSE, 3 );
	
	button = gtk_button_new();
	gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(button), hbox );
	
	return button;
}

// 上一提示
void pre_info( GtkButton *button, gpointer data )
{
	gint i;
	i = current_info - 1;
	if (i == -1 ) return;
	if (i == 0  ) gtk_widget_set_sensitive( pre_button, FALSE );
	current_info = i;
	gtk_widget_set_sensitive( next_button, TRUE );
	gtk_label_set_text( GTK_LABEL( label ), info[current_info] ); 
}

// 下一提示
void next_info( GtkButton *button, gpointer data )
{
	gint i;
	i = current_info + 1;
	if (i == 5 ) return;
	if (i == 4 ) gtk_widget_set_sensitive( next_button, FALSE );
	current_info = i;
	gtk_widget_set_sensitive( pre_button, TRUE );
	gtk_label_set_text( GTK_LABEL( label ), info[current_info] ); 
}

int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
	GtkWidget *hbox;
	GtkWidget *vbox;
	GtkWidget *bbox;
	GtkWidget *button;
	GtkWidget *image;
	GtkWidget *title;

	gtk_init( &argc, &argv );
	window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL );
	g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "delete_event", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );

	gtk_window_set_title( GTK_WINDOW( window ), "每日提示" );
	gtk_window_set_position( GTK_WINDOW( window ), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER );
	gtk_container_set_border_width( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), 10 );
	gtk_widget_realize( window );

	vbox = gtk_vbox_new( FALSE, 0 );
	gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), vbox );
	
	hbox = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 0 );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( vbox ), hbox, TRUE, TRUE, 5 );
	
	image = gtk_image_new_from_file( "gnome-desktop.png" );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), image, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
	
	frame = gtk_frame_new( NULL );
	title = create_title( window );
	gtk_frame_set_label_widget( GTK_FRAME( frame ), title );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), frame, TRUE, TRUE, 5 );

	label = gtk_label_new( NULL );
	gtk_label_set_text( GTK_LABEL( label ), info[0] );
	gtk_label_set_line_wrap( GTK_LABEL( label ), TRUE );
	gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER( frame ), label );

	bbox = gtk_hbutton_box_new();
	gtk_button_box_set_layout( GTK_BUTTON_BOX( bbox ), GTK_BUTTONBOX_END );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( vbox ), bbox, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );

	button = gtk_check_button_new_with_label( "每次启动时显示" );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );

	pre_button = create_button( GTK_STOCK_GO_BACK, "上一提示" );
	gtk_widget_set_sensitive ( pre_button, FALSE );
	g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( pre_button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( pre_info ), NULL );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), pre_button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
	
	next_button = create_button( GTK_STOCK_GO_FORWARD, "下一提示" );
	g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( next_button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( next_info ), NULL );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), next_button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
	
	button = gtk_button_new_from_stock( GTK_STOCK_OK );
	g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );
	gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );

	gtk_widget_show_all( window );
	gtk_main();

	return FALSE;
}

... 后面有空继续更新

总结

gtk+ 现有资料已经很少了, 属于淘汰型技术了, 勿深究.