一,几个基本概念
①JSONArray 相当于 JAVA中的List<Object>,如:['a','b','c'....]
②JSONObject相当于JAVA中的Map<String, Object>,如:{'1':'a', '2':'b'...}
③对于具有结构层次的JSON格式的数据,可以一层一层地来解析,可参考:这篇文章
二,当待解析的JSON文件很大时,可使用JSON Stream API,比如如下 List类型的数据在 F:\test.txt 中,假设有上万条时...:
[
{"begin_int":"1677721","end_int":"1677747"},
{"begin_int":"1677747","end_int":"1677823"},
{"begin_int":"1677824","end_int":"1677926"},
{"begin_int":"1677926","end_int":"1678131"},
{"begin_int":"1678131","end_int":"1678540"},
{"begin_int":"1678540","end_int":"1679359"},
{"begin_int":"1690880","end_int":"1690905"},
{"begin_int":"1690905","end_int":"1690931"},
{"begin_int":"1690931","end_int":"1690956"},
{"begin_int":"1690956","end_int":"1690982"}
]
解析代码:将List中的每个元素当作一个Object
1 import java.io.File; 2 import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 3 import java.io.FileReader; 4 5 import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONReader; 6 7 public class ParseListByFastJsonStreamApi { 8 9 private static final String FILE_PATH = "F:\test.txt"; 10 11 public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException{ 12 13 JSONReader jsonReader = new JSONReader(new FileReader(new File(FILE_PATH))); 14 15 jsonReader.startArray();//---> [ 16 17 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) 18 { 19 String info = jsonReader.readObject().toString();//---> {"key":"value"} 20 System.out.println(info); 21 } 22 jsonReader.endArray();//---> ] 23 jsonReader.close(); 24 } 25 }
或者用如下代码来解析:(将List中的每个元素(如: {"begin_int":"1690956","end_int":"1690982"})再进一步分解 成 Key 和 Value 对)
1 public static void parse() throws FileNotFoundException{ 2 3 JSONReader jsonReader = new JSONReader(new FileReader(new File(FILE_PATH))); 4 5 jsonReader.startArray();//---> [ 6 7 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) 8 { 9 jsonReader.startObject(); 10 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { 11 String objKey = jsonReader.readString(); 12 String objVal = jsonReader.readObject().toString(); 13 System.out.println("key: " + objKey + ", value: " + objVal); 14 } 15 jsonReader.endObject(); 16 } 17 jsonReader.endArray();//---> ] 18 jsonReader.close(); 19 }
上面的第9行 和 第10行解析代码也验证了:“JSONObject相当于JAVA中的Map<String, Object>”。
或者根据 JAVA Bean 类来解析:
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileReader; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONReader; public class ParseListByFastJsonStreamApi { private static final String FILE_PATH = "F:\test.txt"; public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException{ JSONReader jsonReader = new JSONReader(new FileReader(new File(FILE_PATH))); jsonReader.startArray();//---> [ while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { BeginEndBean obj = jsonReader.readObject(BeginEndBean.class);//根据 java bean 来解析 int begin_int = obj.getBegin_int(); int end_int = obj.getEnd_int(); System.out.println("begin_int:" + begin_int + ", end_int" + end_int); } jsonReader.endArray();//---> ] jsonReader.close(); } }
JAVA Bean类如下:
1 public class BeginEndBean { 2 private int begin_int; 3 private int end_int; 4 public int getBegin_int() { 5 return begin_int; 6 } 7 public void setBegin_int(int begin_int) { 8 this.begin_int = begin_int; 9 } 10 public int getEnd_int() { 11 return end_int; 12 } 13 public void setEnd_int(int end_int) { 14 this.end_int = end_int; 15 } 16 }
三,当需要解析JSON数据格式有点复杂(非扁平的数据)时,比如下面的JSON格式数据:
{"key":"value","anotherKey":[
{"begin_int":"1677721","end_int":"1677747"},
{"begin_int":"1687552","end_int":"1690828"},
{"begin_int":"1690905","end_int":"1690931"},
{"begin_int":"1690931","end_int":"1690956"},
{"begin_int":"1690956","end_int":"1690982"}
],"thirdKey":{"subKey":"subVal","anotherSubKey":["1","2","3"]}}
"key" 对应的就是只有一个值,"anotherKey"对应的是一个列表,"thirdKey"对应的是一个对象(Map)。
解析代码如下:
第17行,将整个Json格式的文件当作一个JSONObject,该JSONObject里面有三个子元素,分别是:"key" 、"anotherKey"、"thirdKey"。因此第18行 while(hasNext())找到每个key,然后 if-else 分别解析对应的值。比如第25行,解析到"anotherKey"时,它对应的是一个List,因此在第26行 startArray() 来读取
由于List中的每个元素其实又是一个个的:{"begin_int":"1687552","end_int":"1690828"}
因此,第29行又开启 startObject() 读取,而每个{"begin_int":"1687552","end_int":"1690828"} 又有两个 ”xxx_int“:"xxx",因此第30行又有一个while(hasNext())循环。
总之,读取Map格式的数据对应的是JSONObject,读取的方法就是 jsonReader.readObject()
读取复杂格式的JSON数据时,解析的规则就像是“剥洋葱”一样,一层一层地来解析相应的对象(Object/List)
1 import java.io.File;
2 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
3 import java.io.FileReader;
4 import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONReader;
5
6 public class ParseListByFastJsonStreamApi {
7
8 private static final String FILE_PATH = "F:\test.txt";
9
10 public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
11 parseData();
12 }
13
14 public static void parseData() throws FileNotFoundException {
15 JSONReader jsonReader = new JSONReader(new FileReader(new File(FILE_PATH)));
16
17 jsonReader.startObject();//将整个json文件当作 Map<String,Object> 对象来解析 {,}
18 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) {
19 String key = jsonReader.readString();
20 if(key.equals("key"))//"key"对应的Object只有一个
21 {
22 Object obj = jsonReader.readObject();//
23 String val = obj.toString();
24 System.out.println("obj: " + obj + ", value: " + val);
25 }else if(key.equals("anotherKey")) {//"anotherKey"对应的是一个List对象
26 jsonReader.startArray();//---> [ 开启读List对象
27 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) {
28
29 jsonReader.startObject();
30 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) {
31 String objKey = jsonReader.readString();
32 String objVal = jsonReader.readObject().toString();
33 System.out.println("objKey: " + objKey + ", objVal: " + objVal);
34 }
35 jsonReader.endObject();
36 }
37 jsonReader.endArray();//---> ]
38 }else if(key.equals("thirdKey")) {
39 jsonReader.startObject();//{"subKey":"subVal","anotherSubKey":["1","2","3"]}
40 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) {
41 String sub_key = jsonReader.readString();
42 Object third_obj = jsonReader.readObject();
43 String subVal = third_obj.toString();
44 System.out.println("sub_key: " + sub_key + ", subVal: " + subVal);
45 }
46 jsonReader.endObject();
47 }
48 }
49 jsonReader.endObject();
50 jsonReader.close();
51 }
52 }
也可以借助JAVA Bean 来解析 anotherKey 对应的 List 对象。代码如下:
1 public class ParseListByFastJsonStreamApi { 2 3 private static final String FILE_PATH = "F:\test.txt"; 4 5 public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { 6 parseData(); 7 } 8 9 public static void parseData() throws FileNotFoundException { 10 JSONReader jsonReader = new JSONReader(new FileReader(new File(FILE_PATH))); 11 12 jsonReader.startObject();//将整个json文件当作 Map<String,Object> 对象来解析 {,} 13 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { 14 String key = jsonReader.readString(); 15 if(key.equals("key"))//"key"对应的Object只有一个 16 { 17 Object obj = jsonReader.readObject();// 18 String val = obj.toString(); 19 System.out.println("obj: " + obj + ", value: " + val); 20 }else if(key.equals("anotherKey")) {//"anotherKey"对应的是一个List对象 21 jsonReader.startArray();//---> [ 开启读List对象 22 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { 23 BeginEndBean objBean = jsonReader.readObject(BeginEndBean.class); 24 int begin_int = objBean.getBegin_int(); 25 int end_int = objBean.getEnd_int(); 26 System.out.println("begin_int: " + begin_int + ", " + end_int); 27 } 28 jsonReader.endArray();//---> ] 29 }else if(key.equals("thirdKey")) { 30 jsonReader.startObject();//{"subKey":"subVal","anotherSubKey":["1","2","3"]} 31 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { 32 String sub_key = jsonReader.readString(); 33 Object third_obj = jsonReader.readObject(); 34 String subVal = third_obj.toString(); 35 System.out.println("sub_key: " + sub_key + ", subVal: " + subVal); 36 } 37 jsonReader.endObject(); 38 } 39 } 40 jsonReader.endObject(); 41 jsonReader.close(); 42 } 43 }
两种方法的对比如下:
1 else if(key.equals("anotherKey")) {//"anotherKey"对应的是一个List对象 2 jsonReader.startArray();//---> [ 开启读List对象 3 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { 4 BeginEndBean objBean = jsonReader.readObject(BeginEndBean.class); 5 int begin_int = objBean.getBegin_int(); 6 int end_int = objBean.getEnd_int(); 7 System.out.println("begin_int: " + begin_int + ", " + end_int); 8 } 9 jsonReader.endArray();//---> ] 10 } 11 12 13 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 15 else if(key.equals("anotherKey")) {//"anotherKey"对应的是一个List对象 16 jsonReader.startArray();//---> [ 开启读List对象 17 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { 18 jsonReader.startObject(); 19 while(jsonReader.hasNext()) { 20 String objKey = jsonReader.readString(); 21 String objVal = jsonReader.readObject().toString(); 22 System.out.println("objKey: " + objKey + ", objVal: " + objVal); 23 } 24 jsonReader.endObject(); 25 } 26 jsonReader.endArray();//---> ] 27 }