Netty是业界最流行的nio框架之一,它具有功能强大、性能优异、可定制性和可扩展性的优点
Netty的优点:
1.API使用简单,开发入门门槛低。
2.功能十分强大,预置多种编码解码功能,支持多种主流协议。
3.可定制、可扩展能力强,可以通过其提供的ChannelHandler进行灵活的扩展。
4.性能优异,特别在综合性能上的优异性。
5.成熟,稳定,适用范围广。
6.可用于智能GSM/GPRS模块的通讯服务端开发,使用它进行MQTT协议的开发。
1、Netty结合Springboot快速开发框架搭建服务端程序:
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <!--web模块的启动器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- netty依赖 springboot2.x自动导入版本 --> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
2、Springboot启动类,Netty启动
package boot.netty.base.server; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; //import org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync; @SpringBootApplication @EnableAsync public class BootNettyApplication implements CommandLineRunner{ public static void main( String[] args ) { /** * 启动springboot */ SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(BootNettyApplication.class); //app.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.NONE);//不启动web服务 app.run(args); System.out.println( "Hello World!" ); } @Async @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { /** * 使用异步注解方式启动netty服务端服务 */ new BootNettyServer().bind(8888); } }
3、Netty的server类
package boot.netty.base.server; import boot.netty.base.server.channel.BootNettyChannelInitializer; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; /** * netty的server * */ public class BootNettyServer { public void bind(int port) throws Exception { /** * 配置服务端的NIO线程组 * NioEventLoopGroup 是用来处理I/O操作的Reactor线程组 * bossGroup:用来接收进来的连接,workerGroup:用来处理已经被接收的连接,进行socketChannel的网络读写, * bossGroup接收到连接后就会把连接信息注册到workerGroup * workerGroup的EventLoopGroup默认的线程数是CPU核数的二倍 */ EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { /** * ServerBootstrap 是一个启动NIO服务的辅助启动类 */ ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); /** * 设置group,将bossGroup, workerGroup线程组传递到ServerBootstrap */ serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup); /** * ServerSocketChannel是以NIO的selector为基础进行实现的,用来接收新的连接,这里告诉Channel通过NioServerSocketChannel获取新的连接 */ serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); /** * option是设置 bossGroup,childOption是设置workerGroup * netty 默认数据包传输大小为1024字节, 设置它可以自动调整下一次缓冲区建立时分配的空间大小,避免内存的浪费 最小 初始化 最大 (根据生产环境实际情况来定) * 使用对象池,重用缓冲区 */ serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(64, 10496, 1048576)); serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(64, 10496, 1048576)); /** * 设置 I/O处理类,主要用于网络I/O事件,记录日志,编码、解码消息 */ serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.childHandler(new BootNettyChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>()); System.out.println("netty server start success!"); /** * 绑定端口,同步等待成功 */ ChannelFuture f = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync(); /** * 等待服务器监听端口关闭 */ f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } finally { /** * 退出,释放线程池资源 */ bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
4、通道初始化
package boot.netty.base.server.channel; import boot.netty.base.server.adapter.BootNettyChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder; /** * 通道初始化 */ public class BootNettyChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> { @Override protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception { // ChannelOutboundHandler,依照逆序执行 ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); // 属于ChannelInboundHandler,依照顺序执行 ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); /** * 自定义ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter */ ch.pipeline().addLast(new BootNettyChannelInboundHandlerAdapter()); } }
5、I/O数据读写处理类
package boot.netty.base.server.adapter; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; /** * I/O数据读写处理类 * */ public class BootNettyChannelInboundHandlerAdapter extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter{ /** * 从客户端收到新的数据时,这个方法会在收到消息时被调用 * * @param ctx * @param msg */ @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception, IOException { System.out.println("channelRead:read msg:"+msg.toString()); //回应客户端 ctx.write("I got it"); } /** * 从客户端收到新的数据、读取完成时调用 * * @param ctx */ @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws IOException { System.out.println("channelReadComplete"); ctx.flush(); } /** * 当出现 Throwable 对象才会被调用,即当 Netty 由于 IO 错误或者处理器在处理事件时抛出的异常时 * * @param ctx * @param cause */ @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws IOException { System.out.println("exceptionCaught"); cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close();//抛出异常,断开与客户端的连接 } /** * 客户端与服务端第一次建立连接时 执行 * * @param ctx * @throws Exception */ @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception, IOException { super.channelActive(ctx); ctx.channel().read(); InetSocketAddress insocket = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress(); String clientIp = insocket.getAddress().getHostAddress(); //此处不能使用ctx.close(),否则客户端始终无法与服务端建立连接 System.out.println("channelActive:"+clientIp+ctx.name()); } /** * 客户端与服务端 断连时 执行 * * @param ctx * @throws Exception */ @Override public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception, IOException { super.channelInactive(ctx); InetSocketAddress insocket = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress(); String clientIp = insocket.getAddress().getHostAddress(); ctx.close(); //断开连接时,必须关闭,否则造成资源浪费,并发量很大情况下可能造成宕机 System.out.println("channelInactive:"+clientIp); } /** * 服务端当read超时, 会调用这个方法 * * @param ctx * @param evt * @throws Exception */ @Override public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception, IOException { super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt); InetSocketAddress insocket = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress(); String clientIp = insocket.getAddress().getHostAddress(); ctx.close();//超时时断开连接 System.out.println("userEventTriggered:"+clientIp); } @Override public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{ System.out.println("channelRegistered"); } @Override public void channelUnregistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{ System.out.println("channelUnregistered"); } @Override public void channelWritabilityChanged(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{ System.out.println("channelWritabilityChanged"); } }
仅仅四个类就将Springboot和Netty结合,启动Springboot应用的同时也就启动了Netty,端口:8888
可以使用TCP客户端工具: