一、标准数据类型
1. 列表
定义：[]内以逗号分隔，按照索引，存放各种数据类型，每个位置代表一个元素
特性：
1.可存放多个值
2.可修改指定索引位置对应的值，可变
3.按照从左到右的顺序定义列表元素，下标从0开始顺序访问，有序
1.1 列表创建
list_test=[’lhf‘,12,'ok']
或
list_test=list('abc')
或
list_test=list([’lhf‘,12,'ok'])
1.2 列表常用操作
索引
切片
追加
删除
长度
切片
循环
包含
class list(object):
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
"""
def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """
pass
def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """
pass
def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """
return []
def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0
def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
pass
def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0
def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
pass
def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
"""
pass
def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
pass
def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
pass
def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """
pass
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self+value. """
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return key in self. """
pass
def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Delete self[key]. """
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass
def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass
def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement self+=value. """
pass
def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement self*=value. """
pass
def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value.n """
pass
@staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass
def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
pass
def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Set self[key] to value. """
pass
def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
pass
__hash__ = None
2.元组
定义：与列表类似，只不过［］改成（）
特性：
1.可存放多个值
2.不可变
3.按照从左到右的顺序定义元组元素，下标从0开始顺序访问，有序
2.1 元组创建
ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
或
ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55))
2.2 元组常用操作
索引
切片
循环
长度
包含
3 字典
定义：｛key1:value1,key2:value2｝,key-value结构，key必须可hash
特性：
1.可存放多个值
2.可修改指定key对应的值，可变
3.无序
3.1 字典创建
person = {"name": "sb", 'age': 18}
或
person = dict(name='sb', age=18)
person = dict({"name": "sb", 'age': 18})
person = dict((['name','sb'],['age',18]))
{}.fromkeys(seq,100) #不指定100默认为None
注意：
>>> dic={}.fromkeys(['k1','k2'],[])
>>> dic
{'k1': [], 'k2': []}
>>> dic['k1'].append(1)
>>> dic
{'k1': [1], 'k2': [1]}
3.2 字典常用操作
索引
新增
删除
键、值、键值对
循环
长度
3.标准数据类型特性总结
1）按存值个数区分
| 标量／原子类型 | 数字，字符串 |
| 容器类型 | 列表，元组，字典 |
2）按可变不可变区分
| 可变 | 列表，字典 |
| 不可变 | 数字，字符串，元组 |
3）按访问顺序区分
| 直接访问 | 数字 |
| 顺序访问（序列类型） | 字符串，列表，元组 |
| key值访问（映射类型） |
字典 |