• [CareerCup] 4.9 All Paths Sum 所有路径和


    4.9 You are given a binary tree in which each node contains a value. Design an algorithm to print all paths which sum to a given value. The path does not need to start or end at the root or a leaf.

    这道题给我们一个二叉树,让我们找出所有的路径,其和为给定的值,而且说了路径不必起始于根,终止于叶节点,但必须是向下的一条路径。LeetCode中相似的题有Path Sum 二叉树的路径和Path Sum II 二叉树路径之和之二。但是那题要找的是起始于根,终止于叶节点的路径,而这题是找出所有的路径。所以要稍稍复杂一些。这题的解题思路是先求出给定二叉树的深度,关于求二叉树的深度可以参见我之前的博客Maximum Depth of Binary Tree 二叉树的最大深度。然后我们建立一个大小为树的最大深度的一维向量,用来存每一层路径上的值。然后从第一层开始递归,对每一个节点,更新当前层的path,然后从此层向第一层遍历,将path各层值加起来,如果等于sum的话,就把这道路径打印或者保存起来,然后在对当前节点的左右子节点分别递归调用。时间复杂度为O(nlgn),空间复杂度为O(lgn),参见代码如下:

    解法一:

    class Solution {
    public:
        vector<vector<int> > pathSum(TreeNode *root, int sum) {
            if (!root) return vector<vector<int> >();
            int depth = getDepth(root);
            vector<vector<int> > res;
            vector<int> path(depth, INT_MIN);
            pathSumDFS(root, sum, 0, path, res);
            return res;
        }
        void pathSumDFS(TreeNode *root, int sum, int level, vector<int> &path, vector<vector<int> > &res) {
            if (!root) return;
            path[level] = root->val;
            int t = 0;
            for (int i = level; i >= 0; i--) {
                t += path[i];
                if (t == sum) {
                    savePath(path, i, level, res);
                }
            }
            pathSumDFS(root->left, sum, level + 1, path, res);
            pathSumDFS(root->right, sum, level + 1, path, res);
            path[level] = INT_MIN;
        }
        void savePath(vector<int> &path, int start, int end, vector<vector<int> > &res) {
            vector<int> out;
            for (int i = start; i <= end; ++i) {
                out.push_back(path[i]);
            }
            res.push_back(out);
        }
        int getDepth(TreeNode *root) {
            if (!root) return 0;
            return 1 + max(getDepth(root->left), getDepth(root->right));
        }
    };

    然而书上的解法并不是最简洁的,下面这种方法是评论区的网友提出来的,感觉很简洁很好,赞一个~

    解法二:

    class Solution {
    public:
        vector<vector<int> > pathSum(TreeNode *root, int sum) {
            if (!root) return {};
            vector<vector<int>> res;
            vector<int> path;
            helper(root, sum, path, res);
            return res;
        }
        void helper(TreeNode* node, int sum, vector<int>& path, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
            if (!node) return;
            path.push_back(node->val);
            int curSum = 0;
            for (int i = path.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                curSum += path[i];
                if (curSum == sum) res.push_back(vector<int>(path.begin() + i, path.end()));
            }
            helper(node->left, sum, path, res);
            helper(node->right, sum, path, res);
            path.pop_back();
        }
    };
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4714640.html
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