• [LeetCode] 62. Unique Paths 不同的路径


    A robot is located at the top-left corner of a m x n grid (marked 'Start' in the diagram below).

    The robot can only move either down or right at any point in time. The robot is trying to reach the bottom-right corner of the grid (marked 'Finish' in the diagram below).

    How many possible unique paths are there?


    Above is a 7 x 3 grid. How many possible unique paths are there?

    Note: m and n will be at most 100.

    Example 1:

    Input: m = 3, n = 2
    Output: 3
    Explanation:
    From the top-left corner, there are a total of 3 ways to reach the bottom-right corner:
    1. Right -> Right -> Down
    2. Right -> Down -> Right
    3. Down -> Right -> Right
    

    Example 2:

    Input: m = 7, n = 3
    Output: 28

    这道题让求所有不同的路径的个数,一开始还真把博主难住了,因为之前好像没有遇到过这类的问题,所以感觉好像有种无从下手的感觉。在网上找攻略之后才恍然大悟,原来这跟之前那道 Climbing Stairs 很类似,那道题是说可以每次能爬一格或两格,问到达顶部的所有不同爬法的个数。而这道题是每次可以向下走或者向右走,求到达最右下角的所有不同走法的个数。那么跟爬梯子问题一样,需要用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来解,可以维护一个二维数组 dp,其中 dp[i][j] 表示到当前位置不同的走法的个数,然后可以得到状态转移方程为:  dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i][j - 1],这里为了节省空间,使用一维数组 dp,一行一行的刷新也可以,代码如下:

    解法一:

    class Solution {
    public:
        int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
            vector<int> dp(n, 1);
            for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
                for (int j = 1; j < n; ++j) {
                    dp[j] += dp[j - 1]; 
                }
            }
            return dp[n - 1];
        }
    };

    这道题其实还有另一种很数学的解法,参见网友 Code Ganker 的博客,实际相当于机器人总共走了 m + n - 2步,其中 m - 1 步向右走,n - 1 步向下走,那么总共不同的方法个数就相当于在步数里面 m - 1 和 n - 1 中较小的那个数的取法,实际上是一道组合数的问题,写出代码如下:

    解法二:

    class Solution {
    public:
        int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
            double num = 1, denom = 1;
            int small = m > n ? n : m;
            for (int i = 1; i <= small - 1; ++i) {
                num *= m + n - 1 - i;
                denom *= i;
            }
            return (int)(num / denom);
        }
    };

    Github 同步地址:

    https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/62

    类似题目:

    Unique Paths II

    Minimum Path Sum

    Dungeon Game

    参考资料:

    https://leetcode.com/problems/unique-paths/

    https://leetcode.com/problems/unique-paths/discuss/22981/My-AC-solution-using-formula

    https://leetcode.com/problems/unique-paths/discuss/22954/0ms-5-lines-DP-Solution-in-C%2B%2B-with-Explanations

    LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4353555.html
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