• Memcached、Redis OR Tair


    一、前言

    非关系型数据库(NoSQL = Not Only SQL)的产品非常多,常见的有Memcached、Redis、MongoDB等优秀开源项目,相关概念和资料网上也非常丰富,不再重复描述,本文主要引入Memcached和Redis与淘宝开源Tair分布式存储进行对比测试,由于各自适用场景不同,且每个产品的可配置参数繁多,涉及缓存策略、分布算法、序列化方式、数据压缩技术、通信方式、并发、超时等诸多方面因素,都会对测试结果产生影响,单纯的性能对比存在非常多的局限性和不合理性,所以不能作为任何评估依据,仅供参考,加深对各自产品的理解。以下是一些基本认识:

    1、尽管 Memcached 和 Redis 都标识为Distribute,但从Server端本身而言它们并不提供分布式的解决方案,需要Client端实现一定的分布算法将数据存储到各个节点,从而实现分布式存储,两者都提供了Replication功能(Master-Slave)保障可靠性。

    2、Tair 则本身包含 Config Server 和 Data Server 采用一致性哈希算法分布数据存储,由ConfigSever来管理所有数据节点,理论上服务器端节点的维护对前端应用不会产生任何影响,同时数据能按指定复制到不同的DataServer保障可靠性,从Cluster角度来看属于一个整体Solution,组件图参照上一篇博文( http://www.cnblogs.com/lengfo/p/4171655.html )。

    基于此,本文设定了实验环境都使用同一台机器进行 Memcached、Redis 和 Tair 的单Server部署测试。

    二、前置条件

    1、虚拟机环境(OS :CentOS6.5,CPU:2 Core,Memory:4G)

    2、软件环境

       Sever  Client
    Memcached Memcached 1.4.21 Xmemcached 2.0.0
    Redis Redis 2.8.19 Jedis 2.8.5
    Tair Tair 2.3 Tair Client 2.3.1

    3、服务器配置,单一服务器通过配置尽可能让资源分配一致(由于各个产品服务器端的配置相对复杂,不再单独列出,以下仅描述内存、连接等基本配置)

       IP_Port  Memory_Size  Max_Connection  备注
    Memcached 10.129.221.70:12000 1024MB 2048  
    Redis 10.129.221.70:6379 1gb(1000000000byte) 10000(默认)  
    Tair Config Server 10.129.221.70:5198      
    Tair Data Server 10.129.221.70:5191 1024MB   使用mdb存储引擎

    三、用例场景,分别使用单线程和多线程进行测试

    1、从数据库读取一组数据缓存(SET)到每个缓存服务器,其中对于每个Server的写入数据是完全一致的,不设置过期时间,进行如下测试。

    1)单线程进行1次写入

    2)单线程进行500次写入

    3)单线程进行2000次写入

    4)并行500个线程,每个线程进行1次写入

    5)并行500个线程,每个线程进行5次写入

    6)并行2000个线程,每个线程进行1次写入

    2、分别从每个缓存服务器读取(GET)数据,其中对于每个Server的读取数据大小是完全一致的,进行如下测试。

    1)单线程进行1次读取

    2)单线程进行500次读取

    3)单线程进行2000次读取

    4)并行500个线程,每个线程进行1次读取

    5)并行500个线程,每个线程进行5次读取

    6)并行2000个线程,每个线程进行1次读取

    四、单线程测试

    1、缓存Model对象(OrderInfo)的定义参照tbOrder表(包括单据号、制单日期、商品、数量等字段)

    2、单线程的读写操作对于代码的要求相对较低,不需要考虑Pool,主要代码如下:

    1)Memcached单线程读写,使用二进制方式序列化,不启用压缩。

     1 public static void putItems2Memcache(List<OrderInfo> orders) throws Exception {
     2         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null;
     3         try {
     4             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000"));
     5             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
     6             memcachedClient = builder.build();
     7 
     8             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
     9                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);
    10                 if (!isSuccess) {
    11                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);
    12                 }
    13             }
    14         } catch (Exception ex) {
    15             ex.printStackTrace();
    16         } finally {
    17             memcachedClient.shutdown();
    18         }
    19     }
    20 
    21     public static void getItemsFromMemcache(List<String> billNumbers) throws Exception {
    22         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null;
    23         try {
    24             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000"));
    25             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
    26             memcachedClient = builder.build();
    27 
    28             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
    29                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);
    30 
    31                 if (result == null) {
    32                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
    33                 }
    34             }
    35         } catch (Exception ex) {
    36             ex.printStackTrace();
    37         } finally {
    38             memcachedClient.shutdown();
    39         }
    40     }
    View Code

    2)Redis单线程读写,由于Jedis Client 不支持对象的序列化,需要自行实现对象序列化(本文使用二进制方式)。

     1 public static void putItems2Redis(List<OrderInfo> orders) {
     2         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379);
     3 
     4         try {
     5             jedis.connect();
     6 
     7             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
     8                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order));
     9                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {
    10                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);
    11                 }
    12             }
    13         } catch (Exception ex) {
    14             ex.printStackTrace();
    15         } finally {
    16             jedis.close();
    17         }
    18     }
    19 
    20     public static void getItemsFromRedis(List<String> billNumbers) {
    21         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379);
    22 
    23         try {
    24             jedis.connect();
    25 
    26             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
    27                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());
    28                 if (result.length > 0) {
    29                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);
    30                     if (order == null) {
    31                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);
    32                     }
    33                 } else {
    34                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
    35                 }
    36             }
    37         } catch (Exception ex) {
    38             ex.printStackTrace();
    39         } finally {
    40             jedis.close();
    41         }
    42     }
    View Code

    序列化代码

     1 package common;
     2 
     3 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
     4 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
     5 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
     6 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
     7 
     8 public class SerializeUtil {
     9 
    10     /**
    11      * 序列化
    12      * @param object
    13      * @return
    14      */
    15     public static byte[] serialize(Object object) {
    16         ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
    17         ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
    18 
    19         try { 
    20             baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    21             oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
    22             oos.writeObject(object);
    23             byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
    24             return bytes;
    25         } catch (Exception e) {
    26             e.printStackTrace();
    27         }
    28         return null;
    29     }
    30 
    31     /**
    32      * 反序列化
    33      * @param bytes
    34      * @return
    35      */
    36     public static Object unserialize(byte[] bytes) {
    37         ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
    38         try {
    39             bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
    40             ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
    41             return ois.readObject();
    42         } catch (Exception e) {
    43             e.printStackTrace();
    44         }
    45 
    46         return null;
    47     }
    48 }
    View Code

    3)Tair单线程读写,使用Java序列化,默认压缩阀值为8192字节,但本文测试的每个写入项都不会超过这个阀值,所以不受影响。

     1 public static void putItems2Tair(List<OrderInfo> orders) {
     2         try {
     3             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
     4             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198");
     5             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200");
     6 
     7             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
     8             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
     9             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
    10             tairManager.init();
    11 
    12             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
    13                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);
    14                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {
    15                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());
    16                 }
    17             }
    18         } catch (Exception ex) {
    19             ex.printStackTrace();
    20         }
    21     }
    22 
    23     public static void getItemsFromTair(List<String> billNumbers) {
    24         try {
    25             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
    26             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198");
    27             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200");
    28 
    29             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
    30             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
    31             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
    32             tairManager.init();
    33 
    34             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
    35                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);
    36                 if (result.isSuccess()) {
    37                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();
    38                     if (entry == null) {
    39                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
    40                     }
    41                 } else {
    42                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());
    43                 }
    44             }
    45         } catch (Exception ex) {
    46             ex.printStackTrace();
    47         }
    48     }

    3、测试结果,每项重复测试取平均值

    五、多线程测试

    1、除了多线程相关代码外的公共代码和单线程基本一致,多线程测试主要增加了Client部分代码对ConnectionPool、TimeOut相关设置,池策略、大小都会对性能产生很大影响,为了达到更高的性能,不同的使用场景下都需要有科学合理的测算。

    2、主要测试代码

    1)每个读写测试线程任务完成后统一调用公共Callback,在每批测试任务完成后记录消耗时间

     1 package common;
     2 
     3 public class ThreadCallback {
     4 
     5     public static int CompleteCounter = 0;
     6     public static int failedCounter = 0;
     7 
     8     public static synchronized void OnException() {
     9         failedCounter++;
    10     }
    11 
    12     public static synchronized void OnComplete(String msg, int totalThreadCount, long startMili) {
    13         CompleteCounter++;
    14         if (CompleteCounter == totalThreadCount) {
    15             long endMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
    16             System.out.println("(总共" + totalThreadCount + "个线程 ) " + msg + "  ,总耗时为:" + (endMili - startMili) + "毫秒 ,发生异常线程数:" + failedCounter);
    17             CompleteCounter = 0;
    18             failedCounter = 0;
    19         }
    20     }
    21 }
    View Code

    2)Memcached多线程读写,使用XMemcached客户端连接池,主要设置连接池大小ConnectionPoolSize=5,连接超时时间ConnectTimeout=2000ms,测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

    测试方法

     1         /*-------------------Memcached(多线程初始化)--------------------*/
     2         MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("192.168.31.191:12000"));
     3         builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
     4         builder.setConnectionPoolSize(5);
     5         builder.setConnectTimeout(2000);
     6         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = builder.build();
     7         memcachedClient.setOpTimeout(2000);
     8 
     9         /*-------------------Memcached(多线程写入)--------------------*/
    10         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);
    11         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
    12         totalThreadCount = 500;
    13         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
    14             MemcachePutter putter = new MemcachePutter();
    15             putter.OrderList = orders;
    16             putter.Namesapce = i;
    17             putter.startMili = startMili;
    18             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
    19             putter.memcachedClient = memcachedClient;
    20 
    21             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
    22             th.start();
    23         }
    24 
    25                 //读取代码基本一致
    View Code

    线程任务类

     1 public class MemcachePutter implements Runnable {
     2     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
     3     public int Namesapce;
     4     public int TotalThreadCount;
     5     public long startMili;
     6     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 线程安全的?
     7 
     8     @Override
     9     public void run() {
    10         try {
    11             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
    12                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);
    13                  if (!isSuccess) {
    14                 System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);
    15                 }
    16             }
    17         } catch (Exception ex) {
    18             ex.printStackTrace();
    19             ThreadCallback.OnException();
    20         } finally {
    21             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
    22         }
    23     }
    24 }
    25 
    26 
    27 
    28 public class MemcacheGetter implements Runnable {
    29 
    30     public List<String> billnumbers;
    31     public long startMili;
    32     public int TotalThreadCount;
    33     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 线程安全的?
    34 
    35     @Override
    36     public void run() {
    37         try {
    38             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
    39                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);
    40                 if (result == null) {
    41                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
    42                 }
    43             }
    44         } catch (Exception ex) {
    45             ex.printStackTrace();
    46             ThreadCallback.OnException();
    47         } finally {
    48             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
    49         }
    50     }
    51 }
    View Code

    3)Redis多线程读写,使用Jedis客户端连接池,从源码可以看出依赖与Apache.Common.Pool2,主要设置连接池MaxTotal=5,连接超时时间Timeout=2000ms,测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

    测试方法

     1         /*-------------------Redis(多线程初始化)--------------------*/
     2         GenericObjectPoolConfig config = new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
     3         config.setMaxTotal(5);
     4         JedisPool jpool = new JedisPool(config, "192.168.31.191", 6379, 2000);
     5 
     6         /*-------------------Redis(多线程写入)--------------------*/
     7         totalThreadCount = 2000;
     8         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(1);
     9         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
    10         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
    11             RedisPutter putter = new RedisPutter();
    12             putter.OrderList = orders;
    13             putter.Namesapce = i;
    14             putter.startMili = startMili;
    15             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
    16             putter.jpool = jpool;
    17 
    18             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
    19             th.start();
    20         }
    View Code

    线程任务类

     1 public class RedisPutter implements Runnable {
     2 
     3     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
     4     public int Namesapce;
     5     public int TotalThreadCount;
     6     public long startMili;
     7     public JedisPool jpool;
     8 
     9     @Override
    10     public void run() {
    11         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();
    12 
    13         try {
    14             jedis.connect();
    15 
    16             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
    17                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order));
    18                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {
    19                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);
    20                 }
    21             }
    22         } catch (Exception ex) {
    23             // ex.printStackTrace();
    24             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);
    25             ThreadCallback.OnException();
    26         } finally {
    27             jpool.returnResource(jedis);
    28             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
    29         }
    30     }
    31 }
    32 
    33 
    34 
    35 public class RedisGetter implements Runnable {
    36     public List<String> billnumbers;
    37     public long startMili;
    38     public int TotalThreadCount;
    39     public JedisPool jpool;
    40 
    41     @Override
    42     public void run() {
    43         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();
    44 
    45         try {
    46             jedis.connect();
    47             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
    48                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());
    49                 if (result.length > 0) {
    50                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);
    51                     if (order == null) {
    52                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);
    53                     }
    54                 } else {
    55                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
    56                 }
    57             }
    58         } catch (Exception ex) {
    59             // ex.printStackTrace();
    60             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);
    61             ThreadCallback.OnException();
    62         } finally {
    63             jpool.returnResource(jedis);
    64             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
    65         }
    66     }
    67 }
    View Code

    4)Tair多线程读写,使用官方Tair-Client,可设置参数MaxWaitThread主要指最大等待线程数,当超过这个数量的线程在等待时,新的请求将直接返回超时,本文测试设置MaxWaitThread=100,连接超时时间Timeout=2000ms,测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

    测试方法

     1      /*-------------------Tair(多线程初始化tairManager)--------------------*/
     2         List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
     3         confServers.add("192.168.31.191:5198");
     4         DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
     5         tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
     6         tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
     7         tairManager.setMaxWaitThread(100);// 最大等待线程数,当超过这个数量的线程在等待时,新的请求将直接返回超时
     8         tairManager.setTimeout(2000);// 请求的超时时间,单位为毫秒
     9         tairManager.init();
    10 
    11         /*-------------------Tair(多线程写入)--------------------*/
    12         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);
    13         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
    14         totalThreadCount = 500;
    15         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
    16             TairPutter putter = new TairPutter();
    17             putter.OrderList = orders;
    18             putter.Namesapce = i;
    19             putter.startMili = startMili;
    20             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
    21             putter.tairManager = tairManager;
    22 
    23             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
    24             th.start();
    25         }
    26      /*-------------------Tair(多线程读取)--------------------*/
    27         //读取代码基本一致

    线程任务类

     1 public class TairGetter implements Runnable {
     2     public List<String> billnumbers;
     3     public long startMili;
     4     public int TotalThreadCount;
     5     public DefaultTairManager tairManager;
     6 
     7     @Override
     8     public void run() {
     9         try {
    10             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
    11                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);
    12                 if (result.isSuccess()) {
    13                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();
    14                     if (entry == null) {
    15                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
    16                     }
    17                 } else {
    18                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());
    19                 }
    20             }
    21         } catch (Exception ex) {
    22             // ex.printStackTrace();
    23             ThreadCallback.OnException();
    24         } finally {
    25             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
    26         }
    27     }
    28 }
    29 
    30 
    31 
    32 public class TairPutter implements Runnable {
    33 
    34     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
    35     public int Namesapce;
    36     public int TotalThreadCount;
    37     public long startMili;
    38     public DefaultTairManager tairManager;
    39 
    40     @Override
    41     public void run() {
    42         try {
    43             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
    44                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);
    45                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {
    46                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());
    47                 }
    48             }
    49         } catch (Exception ex) {
    50             // ex.printStackTrace();
    51             ThreadCallback.OnException();
    52         } finally {
    53             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
    54         }
    55     }
    56 }

    3、测试结果,每项重复测试取平均值

    六、Memcached、Redis、Tair 都非常优秀

    Redis在单线程环境下的性能表现非常突出,但在并行环境下则没有很大的优势,是JedisPool或者CommonPool的性能瓶颈还是我测试代码的问题请麻烦告之,过程中修改setMaxTotal,setMaxIdle都没有太大的改观。

    Tair由于需要在服务器端实现数据分布等相关算法,所以在测试对比中性能有所损耗应该也很好理解。

    如之前所言,每个技术本身的原理、策略、适用场景各不相同,尽管以上测试方法已经考虑了很多影响因素,但任然可能存在不足之处,所以类似的对比缺乏合理性,Tair还有2种存储引擎没有测试,而且以上都基于单机环境测试,在Cluster环境下可能也会有差别,所以结果仅供参考,不作任何评估依据。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/goody9807/p/6537108.html
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