spring学习（七）--DispatcherServlet工作原理

在使用springmvc框架，会在web.xml文件配置一个DispatcherServlet,这正是web容器开始初始化，同时会在建立自己的上下文来持有SpringMVC的bean对象。

先从DispatcherServlet入手，从名字来看，它是一个Servlet。它的定义如下：

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet{

  它是继承FrameworkServlet,来看一下整个的继承关系。

从继承关系来看，DispatcherServlet继承FrameworkServlet和HttpServletBean而继承HttpServlet,通过使用Servlet API 来对HTTP请求进行响应，成为SpringMVC的前端处理器。

先看一个时序图

注：作为Servlet,DispatcherServlet的启动和Servlet的启动相关联的。在Servlet初始化过程中，Servlet的init方法会被调用，以进行初始化，然而DispatcherServlet的基类，所以从HttpServletBean中的初始化过程开始。      

        DispatcherServlet的工作分为2部分，一部分是初始化（也就是图的上半部分），有initServletBean()启动，通过initWebApplicationContext()方法最终调用DispatcherServlet中的initStrategies()方法。另一部分(也就是图的下半部分),是对HTTP请求进行响应，作为Servlet，Web容器会调用Servlet的doGet()和doPost()方法,在经过FrameworkServlet的processRequest()简单处理后，会调用DispatcherServlet的doService方法，在这个方法调用中封装了doDispatch(),继续调用processDispatchResult方法返回调用信息。

接下来看看初始化的源码的流程：

HttpServletBean.init方法

/**
     * Map config parameters onto bean properties of this servlet, and
     * invoke subclass initialization.
     * @throws ServletException if bean properties are invalid (or required
     * properties are missing), or if subclass initialization fails.
     */
    @Override
    public final void init() throws ServletException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
        }
　　　　　　　　　　//获取Servlet初始化参数
        // Set bean properties from init parameters.
        try {
            PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
            BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
            ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
            bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
            initBeanWrapper(bw);
            bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
            throw ex;
        }
                //调用子类的方法
        // Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
        initServletBean();
 
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
        }
    }

　　例如web.xml中配置参数：

<servlet> 
    <servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name> 
    <servlet-class>com.lzyer.TestServlet</servlet-class> 
    <!--配置参数,可以通过ServletConfig获取参数-->
    <init-param> 
        <param-name>servlet-name</param-name> 
        <param-value>TestServlet</param-value> 
    </init-param> 
 </servlet> 
 <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/TestServlet</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping>

　　FrameworkServlet.initServletBean方法

/**
     * Overridden method of {@link HttpServletBean}, invoked after any bean properties
     * have been set. Creates this servlet's WebApplicationContext.
     */
    @Override
    protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
        getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
        if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
        }
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
 
        try {
                         //创建Web应用上下文
            this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
            initFrameworkServlet();
        }
        catch (ServletException ex) {
            this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
            throw ex;
        }
        catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
            throw ex;
        }
 
        if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
            this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
                    elapsedTime + " ms");
        }
    }

　　FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext()

/**
     * Initialize and publish the WebApplicationContext for this servlet.
     * <p>Delegates to {@link #createWebApplicationContext} for actual creation
     * of the context. Can be overridden in subclasses.
     * @return the WebApplicationContext instance
     * @see #FrameworkServlet(WebApplicationContext)
     * @see #setContextClass
     * @see #setContextConfigLocation
     */
    protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
        WebApplicationContext rootContext =
                WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
        WebApplicationContext wac = null;
 
        if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
            // A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
            wac = this.webApplicationContext;
            if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
                ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
                if (!cwac.isActive()) {
                    // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
                    // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
                    if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
                        // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
                        // the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
                        cwac.setParent(rootContext);
                    }
                    configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
                }
            }
        }
        if (wac == null) {
            // No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
            // has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
            // that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
            // user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
            wac = findWebApplicationContext();
        }
        if (wac == null) {
            // No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
            wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
        }
 
        if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
            // Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
            // support or the context injected at construction time had already been
            // refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
            onRefresh(wac);
        }
 
        if (this.publishContext) {
            // Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
            String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
            getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
            if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
                        "' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
            }
        }
 
        return wac;
    }

　　先看WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext())，，主要是从ServletContext获取WebApplicationContext

public static WebApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc, String attrName) {
        Assert.notNull(sc, "ServletContext must not be null");<br>                //从ServletContext中获取
        Object attr = sc.getAttribute(attrName);
        if (attr == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (attr instanceof RuntimeException) {
            throw (RuntimeException) attr;
        }
        if (attr instanceof Error) {
            throw (Error) attr;
        }
        if (attr instanceof Exception) {
            throw new IllegalStateException((Exception) attr);
        }
        if (!(attr instanceof WebApplicationContext)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Context attribute is not of type WebApplicationContext: " + attr);
        }
        return (WebApplicationContext) attr;
    }

　findWebApplicationContext和上面一样从ContextServlet中查找，如果不存在就调用下面的createWebApplicationContext方法。

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ApplicationContext parent) {<br>　　　　　　　　　　//获取contextClass
        Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
        if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            this.logger.debug("Servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
                    "' will try to create custom WebApplicationContext context of class '" +
                    contextClass.getName() + "'" + ", using parent context [" + parent + "]");
        }
        if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException(
                    "Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
                    "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
                    "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
        }<br>                //通过反射获取实例
        ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
                (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
 
        wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());<br>                //设置双亲上下文
        wac.setParent(parent);
        wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation());
                //配置和刷新应用
        configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
 
        return wac;
    }

　　看一下getContextClass()到底是哪个类？ XmlWebApplicationContext.class

最后configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext调用refresh方法启动容器。

回到initWebApplicationContext方法中

if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
            // Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
            // support or the context injected at construction time had already been
            // refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
            onRefresh(wac);

　　

这个会触发SpringMVC初始化策略

/**
     * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
        initStrategies(context);
    }
 
    /**
     * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
     * <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
     */
    protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
        initMultipartResolver(context);
        initLocaleResolver(context);
        initThemeResolver(context);<br>                //映射关系
        initHandlerMappings(context);
        initHandlerAdapters(context);
        initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
        initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
        initViewResolvers(context);
        initFlashMapManager(context);
    }

　　到此，SpringMVC的初始化的流程大概就是这样，下篇就是SpringMVC请求流程。