• 矩阵


    1. 概念

    image


    1)矩阵的维度--Matrix Dimension or Order

    The dimension or order of a matrix is the expression m × n where m is the number of rows, and n is the number of columns.


    2)方形矩阵--Square Matrix

    行与列个数相等的矩阵

    image


    3)列矢量--Column Vector

    只有一列元素的矩阵

    image


    4)行矢量--Row Vector

    只有一行元素的矩阵

    image


    4)空矩阵--Null Matrix

    所有元素都为0的矩阵

    image


    5)单位矩阵--Unit Matrix

    所有主对角元素(从a00到ann)都为1,其它元素为0的矩阵

    image


    6)方阵的迹--Trace

    所有主对角元素(从a00到ann)的和

    image


    1.可用于计算一点围绕原点的旋转角度

    image


    image



    7)方阵的行列式--Determinant of a Matrix

    The determinant of a matrix is a scalar value computed from the elements of the matrix

    image



    8)转置--Transpose

    矩阵行元素与列元素进行交换形成的矩阵

    image    image

    性质:

    image


    9)对称矩阵--Symmetric Matrix

    矩阵与其转置矩阵相同的矩阵,即image

    image


    生成一个对称矩阵

    image


    10)反对称矩阵--Antisymmetric Matrix/skew-symmetric matrix

    转置矩阵与其负矩阵相同的矩阵,即 image

    它的主对角元素全为0,其它元素为image

    image


    生成一个反对称矩阵

    image


    2. 操作

    1)加减法--Matrix Addition and Subtraction

    对应元素相加/减

    image


    2)标量相乘--Scalar Multiplication

    image


    3)矩阵积--Matrix Products

    1.行列矢量的乘积--Row and Column Vectors

    image


    2.行矢量与矩阵的乘积--Row Vector and a Matrix

    image


    3.矩阵与列矢量的乘积--Matrix and a Column Vector

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    4.方阵乘积--Square Matrices

    image


    5.矩形矩阵的乘积--Rectangular Matrices

    image


    4)逆矩阵--Inverse Matrix

    满足 image条件,且image唯一


    当一个方阵的行列式的值为0时,它没有逆矩阵,它被称为奇异矩阵(singular matrix)


    image



    image


    5)求一对矩阵的逆--Inverting a Pair of Matrices

    image

    image


    6)正交矩阵--Orthogonal Matrix

    A matrix is orthogonal if its transpose is also its inverse,即 image

    例如:

    image

    正交矩阵的作用:Orthogonal matrices play an important role in rotations because they leave the origin fixed and preserve all angles and distances. Consequently, an object’s geometric integrity is maintained after a rotation, which is why an orthogonal transform is known as a rigid motion transform(刚体运动变换)


    6)对角矩阵--Diagonal Matrix

    除主对角上的元素外,其它元素全为0的矩阵

    image




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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gispathfinder/p/16257240.html
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